Solar space weather

Houghton J.T. (2001b). The IPCC Report 2001. Proceedings of the First Solar and Space Weather Euroconference The Solar Cycle and Terrectrial Climate (Santa Cruz de Tenerife, September 25-29, 2000). ESA SP, Noordwijk, 463, pp. 255-259. 

V0I.699 J.-P. Rozelot (Ed.), Solar and Heliospheric Origins of Space Weather Phenomena V0I.700 J. Al-Khalili, E. Roeckl (Eds.), The Euroschool Lectures on Physics with Exotic Beams, Vol. II... 

The solar cycle, or the solar magnetic activity cycle, is the main source of periodic solar variation driving variations in space weather. The cycle is observed by counting the frequency and placement of sunspots visible on the sun. The solar cycle was discovered in 1843 by Samuel Heinrich Schwabe. Rudolf Wolf compiled and studied these and other observations, reconstructing the cycle back to 1745, eventually... 

V0L699 J.-P. Rozelot (Ed.), Solar and Heliospheric Ongins of Space Weather Phenomena... 

Space Weather Solar-terrestrial interactions, typically within Earth s magnetosphere, that can give rise to geomagnetic activity, radio blackouts, or radiation storms. 

Berinstein, Paula. Making Space Happen Private Space Ventures and the Visionaries Behind Them. Medford, N.J. Plexus, 2002. An overview of the emerging of private space venture capitalists and the emerging trend of the commercialization of space. Carlowicz, Michael J., and Ramon E. Lopez. Storms From the Sun The Emerging Science of Space Weather. Washington, D.G. Joseph Henry Press, 2002. An excellent guide to space weather and solar-terrestrial interactions. 

Gaunt, Charles Trevor (2014). Reducing uncertainty responses for electricity utilities to severe solar storms. J. Space Weather Space Clim. 4, AOl. 

Land/atmospheric interfacial processes which impact climate and biological activity on earth are illustrated in Figure 3. Emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been linked to the transmission of solar radiation to the surface of the earth as well as to the transmission of terrestrial radiation to space. Should solar radiation be an internal process or an external driver of the hydrologic cycle, weather, and air surface temperatures Compounds of sulfur and nitrogen are associated with acidic precipitation and damage to vegetation, aquatic life, and physical structures. 

Insolation (the solar energy received by an area of 1 m2) varies with the geographic location, weather, orientation of the collectors, and with diurnal and seasonal weather variations. Solar power plants have been built on all five continents, mostly in the high-insolation areas near the equator. There are also plans to collect solar energy on artificial islands in the oceans and in other locations including space stations and solar satellites. 

The first footprint on the moon s surface, made by astronaut Neil A Armstrong on July 20,1969, shows the fineness of the lunar soitThesoil is produced when moon rock is weathered by impacting meteors, solar winds and extreme temperature changes. In many areas the soil appears to be a f i r meters thick. U.S. NationaS Aeronautics and Space Administration... 

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