Solar cells, modeling

FIG. 72. Schematic cross-section of (a) a single junction p-i-n o-Si H superstrata solar cell and (b) a tandem solar cell structure. (From R. E. I, Schropp and M. Zeman. "Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells—Modeling, Materials and Device Technology," Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998, with permission.)... 

R. E. I. Schropp and M. Zeman, Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells—Modeling, Materials and Device Technology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998. 

Zeman M, Schropp REI (1998) Amorphous and microcrystalline silicon solar cells Modeling, materials and device technology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,... 

A commercial solar cell (model BL-432, Showa Shell Petroleum Co.) was used as the energy source for electrolysis. The maximum output of power of this solar cell was 8 W, and the open-circuit voltage 20 V. A given voltage for electrolysis was obtained through a variable resistance. 

X. Yan, X. Cui, B. Li, L. Li, Large, Solution-Processable Graphene Quantum Dots as Light Absorbers for Photovoltaics. Nano Lett. 2010,10,1869-1873. F. G. Krebs, S. A. Gevorgyan, J. Alstrup, A RoU-to-Roll Process to Flexible Polymer Solar Cells Model Studies, Manufactare and Operational Stability Studies. /. Mater. Chem. 2009,19,5442. http //carbonfund.org/blog/item/4028-Flexible-Solar-Panels. 

Krebs, F.C., Gevorgyan, S.A., and Alstrup, J. (2009) A roll-to-roll process to fiexible polymer solar cells model studies, manufacture and operational stability studies./. Mater. Chem., 19, 5442-5451. 

In the ZAHNER controlled intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (CIMPS) system, the light source and the cells are aligned on an optical track. Switching between the reference and the measurement cell is automatic. A close-up of the measurement cell is shown in Figure 15.41, set up for a study of a multilayer organic solar cell model system, shown schematically on the left side. In the PECC-2 cell shown, the reference electrode is Ag/AgCl and the CE is a Pt coil. The cell construction from PTFE or similar polymers allows the use of aggressive and nonaqueous electrolytes. 

Pastore M, De Angelis F (2010) Aggregation of organic dyes on Ti02 in dye-sensitized solar cells models an ab initio investigation. ACS Nano 4(l) 556-562... 

As described in the chapter on band structures, these calculations reproduce the electronic structure of inhnite solids. This is important for a number of types of studies, such as modeling compounds for use in solar cells, in which it is important to know whether the band gap is a direct or indirect gap. Band structure calculations are ideal for modeling an inhnite regular crystal, but not for modeling surface chemistry or defect sites. 

The chapter is organized as follows the second section will discuss the photophysics of conjugated polymer/fullerene composites as a standard model for a charge-generating layer in plastic solar cells. Pristine polymer devices will be discussed in the third section while bilayer and interpenetrating network devices are presented in Sections 4 and 5. Section 6 contains some remarks on large area plastic solar cells and Section 7 conclusions. 

Carotenoids are highly lipophilic an active area of research concerns how carotenoids interact with and affect membrane systems (see Chapters 2 and 10). Also, the lipid solubility of these compounds has important implications for carotenoid intestinal absorption (see Chapter 17) models such as the Caco-2 cell model are being used to conduct detailed studies of carotenoid absorption/ competition for absorption (Chapter 18). The lipid solubility of these carotenoids also leads to the aggregation of carotenoids (see Chapter 3). Carotenoids aggregate both in natural and artificial systems, with implications for carotenoid excited states (see Chapter 8). This has implications for a new indication for carotenoids, namely, serving as potential materials for harnessing solar energy. 

Jiang, C.-W. Green, M. A. 2006. Silicon quantum dot superlattices Modeling of energy bands, densities of states, and mobilities for silicon tandem solar cell applications. J. Appl. Phys. 99 114902-114909. 

Rocheleau, R.E., Vierthaler, M. 1994. Optimization of multijunction a-Si H solar cells using an integrated optical/electrical model, in Proceedings of the 21st World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, pp. 567-570. Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Honolulu, HI. 

Fig. 12 Single diode equivalent circuit model commonly employed in estimating solar cell losses...

Yoo S, Domercq B, Kippelen B (2005) Intensity-dependent equivalent circuit parameters of organic solar cells based on pentacene and Cgo- J Appl Phys 97 103706 Mazhari B (2006) An improved solar cell circuit model for organic solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 90 1021... 

Cuiffi J, Benanti T, Nam WJ, Fonash S (2010) Modeling of bulk and bilayer organic heterojunction solar cells. Appl Phys Lett 96 143307... 

Figure 13 Dependence on 10-MeV-proton and 1-MeV-electron fluence of the remaining factor of short circuit current (Isc) for Si-BSFR solar cells. Circles and squares represent the results for samples irradiated with 10-MeV protons and 1-MeV electrons, respectively. Broken lines represent the fitting results based on a model mentioned in the text.

In this review article, the functions of polymers and molecular assemblies for solar energy conversion will be described including photochemical conversion models, elemental processes for the conversion such as charge separation, electron transfer, and catalysis for water decomposition, as well as solar cells. 

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