Softening-temperature diagram

A test specimen is plaeed in the testing apparatus such as that diagrammed in Figure 1.32. The penetrating needle rests on its surface. A load of 10 or 50 N is applied to the specimen. The speeimen is then lowered into an oil bath at 23°C. The bath is raised at a rate of 50°C/h or 120°C/h until the needle penetrates 1 mm. The temperature at that moment is called the Vicat softening temperature. 

Generally, the phase diagram of surfactants has a triple point at which the solid, the dissolved, and the micellar phase coexist. The temperature at this triple point is the Krafft temperature (Tk). For most surfactants, the TK is below ambient temperature and, therefore, their CMC can be regarded as their molecular solubility. Everything said above about the CMC therefore holds true for aqueous solubility. However, TK of the cationic surfactants used in fabric softeners is above ambient temperature. The same is true for the individual 2-n-(p-sulfophenyl)-alkanes which are constituents of LAS. 

Fig. 2 Temperature-dependence of the modulus of elasticity (Young s modulus) of plastics (diagram). As an alternative to this modulus, tension a can also be plotted against constant elongation e or viscosity i), or other properties [2]. MSRe x,d- main softening range of elastomers, thermoplastics, duroplastics, Tgt associated glass transition temperature, Tfi flow point of the amorphous thermoplastic, //////// application range, application range...

Fig. 3A-3 Definition of the glass transition temperature Tg by a diagram of length versus temperature during a measurement, as the intersection of the tangents to the elastic region B and to the liquid region to the right of C. In the Uansformation range C, the glass softens...

In this work we have simulated a system consisting of rigid dimers in which each monomer interacts with monomers from the other dimers through a core-softened shoulder potential. In order to check how the anisotropy induced by the dimeric structure affects the presence of density, diffusion and structural anomalies, we have obtained the pressure temperature phase diagram, the diffusion constant and the structural order parameter of the system for different A, distance between the bonded particles in each dimer, values. 

Figure 3. The softening point of the birch xylan at various temperatures shown in a diagram of the logarithm of the loading frequency versus the relative humidity. The lines are based on a linear regression of the data for each...

In contrast to any of the other fluorinated polymers, graphite fluoride does not melt or soften before its decomposition, which occurs slowly at temperatures above 300°C (see DSC diagram in Figure 3.6). However, the onset of thermal... 

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