Sodium periodic table

Whether an element is the source of the cation or anion in an ionic bond depends on several factors for which the periodic table can serve as a guide In forming ionic compounds elements at the left of the periodic table typically lose electrons giving a cation that has the same electron configuration as the nearest noble gas Loss of an elec tron from sodium for example yields Na which has the same electron configuration as neon... 

Section 1 2 An ionic bond is the force of electrostatic attraction between two oppo sitely charged ions Atoms at the upper right of the periodic table espe cially fluorine and oxygen tend to gam electrons to form anions Elements toward the left of the periodic table especially metals such as sodium tend to lose electrons to form cations Ionic bonds m which car bon IS the cation or anion are rare... 

Sodium [7440-23-5] Na, an alkali metal, is the second element of Group 1 (lA) of the Periodic Table, atomic wt 22.9898. The chemical symbol is derived from the Latin natrium. Commercial iaterest ia the metal derives from its high chemical reactivity, low melting poiat, high boiling poiat, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and high value ia use. 

Strontium [7440-24-6] Sr, is in Group 2 (IIA) of the Periodic Table, between calcium and barium. These three elements are called alkaline-earth metals because the chemical properties of the oxides fall between the hydroxides of alkaU metals, ie, sodium and potassium, and the oxides of earth metals, ie, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. Strontium was identified in the 1790s (1). The metal was first produced in 1808 in the form of a mercury amalgam. A few grams of the metal was produced in 1860—1861 by electrolysis of strontium chloride [10476-85-4]. 

Assuming calcium metal reacts in a similar way, write the equation for the analogous reaction between calcium and water. Remember that calcium is in the second column of the periodic table and sodium is in the first. 

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with the properties of a base. The hydroxides of many elements—those from the left side of the periodic table—behave in the same way. Perhaps they dissolve to form ions of the sort... 

Ionization lithium, 267 magnesium, 270 sodium, 270 Ionization energy, 267 alkaline earths, 379 and atomic number, 268 and ihe periodic table, 267 and valence electrons, 269 halogens, 353 measurement of, 268 successive, 269 table of, 268 trends, 268... 

Sodium is in Group 1 of the periodic table and can be expected to form a +1 ion. However, the valence electron is tightly held by the effective nuclear charge—... 

The first column of the periodic table, Group 1, contains elements that are soft, shiny solids. These alkali metals include lithium, sodium, potassium, mbidium, and cesium. At the other end of the table, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine appear in the next-to-last column. These are the halogens, or Group 17 elements. These four elements exist as diatomic molecules, so their formulas have the form X2 A sample of chlorine appears in Figure EV. Each alkali metal combines with any of the halogens in a 1 1 ratio to form a white crystalline solid. The general formula of these compounds s, AX, where A represents the alkali metal and X represents the halogen A X = N a C 1, LiBr, CsBr, KI, etc.). 

The names of all the elements and their symbols are shown in the tables in the back of this book. Most of the symbols match up with the names H for hydrogen, 0 for oxygen, C for carbon. He for helium, Li for lithium. Symbols for the newer elements are easy to interpret, too. Element 101, for instance, has the symbol Md and the well-deserved name of Mendelevium. But a few of the symbols in the periodic table do not match the names of their elements. Sodium, for instance, does not have the symbol So. Instead, it is Na. Potassium isn t Po, but rather K. 

Similarly, bases made from the metals of Group I on the periodic table, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), are called monobasic because they release one hydroxide ion into solution. Bases made up of Group II metals, such as calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] or magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2], release two hydroxide ions and are therefore dibasic. Like acids, any base that is capable of releasing more than one hydroxide ion into solution is called polybasic. 

Using the periodic table if necessary, write formulas for the following compounds (a) hydrogen bromide, (b) magnesium chloride, (c) barium sulfide, (d) aluminum fluoride, (e) beryllium bromide, (/) barium selenide, and (g) sodium iodide. 

The elements that are commonly part of organic compounds are all located in the upper right corner of the periodic table. They are all nonmetals. The bonds between atoms of these elements are essentially covalent. (Some organic molecules may form ions nevertheless, the bonds tvithin each organic ion are covalent. For example, the salt sodium acetate consists of sodium ions, Na+, and acetate ions, C2H,02. Despite the charge, the bonds within the acetate ion are all covalent.)... 

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