Sodium oxide heat capacity

Brunauer and co-workers [129, 130] found values of of 1310, 1180, and 386 ergs/cm for CaO, Ca(OH)2 and tobermorite (a calcium silicate hydrate). Jura and Garland [131] reported a value of 1040 ergs/cm for magnesium oxide. Patterson and coworkers [132] used fractionated sodium chloride particles prepared by a volatilization method to find that the surface contribution to the low-temperature heat capacity varied approximately in proportion to the area determined by gas adsorption. Questions of equilibrium arise in these and adsorption studies on finely divided surfaces as discussed in Section X-3. 

Bakshi, M. S., R. Crisantino, R. De Lisi, and S. Milioto. 1993. Volume and heat capacity of sodium dodecyl sulfate-dodecyldimethylamine oxide mixed micellAsPhys. Cherr07 6914-6919. 

Brock TD, Brock KM, Belly RT, Weiss RL (1972) Sulfolobus a new genus of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria living at low pH and high temperature. Arch Mikrobiol 84 54-68 Carothers WW, Khar aka YK (1978) Aliphatic acid anions in oil-field waters-implications for origin of natural gas. Am Assoc Pet Geol Bull 62 2441-2453 Choudhury NR, Ahluwalia JC (1982) Temperature dependence of heat capacities of sodium decanoate, sodium dodecanoate, and sodium dodecyl sulphate, in water. J Chem Thermodynamics 14 281-289... 

Some reactors are designed specifically to withstand an explosion (14). The multitube fixed-bed reactors typically have ca 2.5-cm inside-diameter tubes, and heat from the highly exothermic oxidation reaction is removed by a circulating molten salt. This salt is a eutectic mixture of sodium and potassium nitrate and nitrite. Care must be taken in reactor design and operation because fires can result if the salt comes in contact with organic materials at the reactor operating temperature (15). Reactors containing over 20,000 tubes with a 45,000-ton annual production capacity have been constmcted. 

Properties Soft, silver-white solid oxidizing rapidly in air waxlike at room temperature, brittle at low temperatures. Store in airtight containers or in naphtha or similar liquid that does not contain water or free oxygen. D 0.9674 (25C), mp 97.6C, bp 892C. Decomposes water on contact, with evolution of hydrogen to form sodium hydroxide insoluble in benzene, kerosene, and naphtha. Has excellent electrical conductivity and high heat-absorbing capacity. 

Preparation of carbon monoxide from formic acid 50e A round-bottomed flask (capacity 1 1) is fitted by ground-glass joints with a dropping funnel and a gas-outlet tube, filled two-thirds full with concentrated phosphoric acid, and heated in a water-bath to 80° then formic acid is dropped in slowly. For removal of impurities (carbon dioxide, air, acid vapors, water vapor), the carbon monoxide evolved is passed successively through 50% potassium hydroxide solution and an alkaline solution of sodium dithionate (25 g of dithionate in 125 ml of water containing also 20 ml of 70% potassium hydroxide solution) and over potassium hydroxide, calcium chloride, and phosphoric oxide. 

It was pointed out in the section on gas coolants that the heat removal capacity of helium or CO2 could be made equivalent to that of sodium by choosing appropriate coolant pressure and flow rate conditions for the gas coolant. The studies on the GCFBR have shown that the heat transfer with oxide fuel elements is not limited by the coolant when the coolant pressure is 1000 psia. Under these conditions, it is found that a net plant efficiency of 40 % can be obtained in a large GCFBR having a fuel rating of 900 kW/kg of fissile fuel, a power density of 240 kW/liter, an overall conversion ratio 1.55, and a doubling time of 8 years (see Table I). 

The catalytic performances of LaxMOy oxides could be considerably improved if they were incorporated in a support allowing to enhance selectivity and dispersion. Indeed, previous attempts showed a noticeable increase of the surface area and catalytic activity of perovskite pillared montmorillonite in comparison with pure perovskite [3]. Therefore, we were interested in elaborating nanocomposites made of LaxMOy oxides dispersed in a layered silicate matrix. For that, we used a process based on the Cationic Exchange Capacity (CEC) of Na-Montmorillonite the sodium cations are exchanged with heterobinuclear complex cations and subsequent heat treatment leads to the nanocomposite [4]. 

A third method to produce these so-called structured particles is to first form a particle with higher cross-link density and then lower the cross-link density in the center of the particle. Cross-linked polymers made in the presence of oxidizing agents such as sodium or potassium chlorate have shown improvements in absorbency under load and swelling capacity after a high temperature heating step (27) wherein a portion of the polymer chains in the particle center are cleaved through the action of the oxidizers. 

---