Sodium lignosulfonate effect

As it is seen, when nanocomposite is introduced and undergoes ultrasound dispergation, the band intensity in the spectrum increases significantly. Also the shift of the bands in the regions 1100 - 1,300 cm , 2,100 -2,200 cm is observed, which can indicate the interaction between sodium lignosulfonate and nanocomposite. However after 2 weeks the decrease in band intensity is seen. As the suspension stability evaluated by the optic density is 30 days, the nanocomposite activity is quite high in the period when IR spectra are taken. It can be expected that the effect of foam concrete modification with such suspension will be revealed if only 0.001% of nanocomposite is introduced. 

Figure 6.8 illustrates the effect of BaS04 and of expander (1% of sodium lignosulfonate, SL) on the phase composition of pastes prepared using ball mill leady oxides with different H2S04/Pb0 ratios and mixed at 35 °C for 30 min [13]. 

Oil-Well Cement Retarders. Sodium and calcium lignosulfonates are the most commonly used retarders for oil-well cements (98). They are effective with all Portland cements and are generally added in concentrations from 0.1 to 2%. Depending on their structure and purity and on the nature of the cement, they... 

The relative water-reducing effects of three water reducers added at 0.1% dosage are shown in Table Sodium gluconate appears to be more effective than glucose or lignosulfonate. 

Ramachandran and LoweryP l applied conduction calorimetry to the study of the relative effects of various retarders on the hydration of cement. The retarders used were calcium gluconate, glucose, glycolic acid, molasses, sodium borate, sodium citrate, sodium heptonate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sugar-free lignosulfonate, and sucrose. The dosage of the chemicals varied between 0.025 and 1.2%. 

Pauri, M., Ferrari, G., and Collepardi, M., Combined Effect of Lignosulfonate and Carbonate on Pure Portland Clinker Compound Hydration, IV Hydration of Tricalcium Aluminate-Sodium Hydroxide Solid Solution, Cement Concr. Res., 13 61-68 (1983)... 

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