Snuff dipping

Nonvolatile Nitrosamines In Saliva. In vitro experiments had indicated that the tobacco-specific nitrosamines are formed also during snuff dipping (26). Therefore, we analyzed the saliva of snuff dippers and tobacco chewers. A comparison of the results demonstrated the presence of TSNA in saliva at a wide range of concentrations (Table Vl), which could be ascribed to differences in the product, but also to differences in the manner of chewing, and, lastly, to individual factors in each person s saliva. 

DETERMIliATlON OF TOMGCO SPECIFIC N-NITROSAMIEES IN SALIVA OF SNUFF DIPPING WOMEN... 

Hecht Laboratory studies on snuff-dipping and oral cancer Cancer J. 1 (1986) 10-13. 

Tsuda, M. and Y. Kurashima Tobacco smoking, chewing, and snuff dipping factors contributing to the endogenous formation of A-nitroso compounds Crit. Rev. 

Chronic snuff dipping has been associated with oral cancer in experimental animals and humans. Oral pharyngeal cancer accounts for 3% of these cancers and is the seventh most common form of cancer.The oral use of moist smokeless tobacco products (chewing tobacco) has increased in recent years, resulting in leukoplakia, which is a clinical white patch or plaque on the oral mucus membrane that cannot be removed by scrapping. Most of these lesions can occur in all areas of the oral cavity. Water-soluble smokeless tobacco extract has been shown to suppress lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell activity by inhibiting DNA synthesis, and altered LAK function in the oral mucosa... 

Snuff is taken through the mouth or the nose. Moist snuff is fmely cut tobacco plus flavorings, with a moisture content of up to 50%. It is placed in the cheek. Dry snuff has a moisture content of less than 10% and may have flavorings. It may be sniffed through the nose, placed behind the lower Up, or in the cheek. Oriental snuff is about 50% heated calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate with some powdered cuttle-fish bone. In southern Africa, snuff is made from powdered tobacco leaves, plant ash, and sometimes oils, lemon juice, and herbs. In the United States, dipping refers to the ingestion use of snuff. 

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