Smith, Clifford

Phenolic acids, and especially ferulic acid, which is abundantly present in cereals, is found esterified to the polysaccharides present in primary and secondary cell walls of plants. Ferulic acid is the major phenolic acid occurring in the cell walls of monocotyledons and appears as cis and the more abundant trans isomers (reviewed in [Klepacka and Forna, 2006]). Ferulic acid is found in wheat, maize, rye, barley [Sun et al., 2001], oats, spinach, sugar beet, and water chesnuts [Clifford, 1999], generally esterified, and rarely as free form, such as in barley [Yu et al., 2001]. It is esterified in primary cell walls to arabinoxylans (Fig. 2.4) in the aleurone layer and pericarp [Clifford, 1999], as in spinach [Fry, 1982] or in wheat bran [Smith and Hartley, 1983], Ferulic acid can also be found esterified to other hydroxycinnamic acids such as in Mongolian medicinal plants where it is found as feruloylpodospermic acid, which is... 

Besides phosphate, silica is known to commonly compete with As(V) for sorption/ion exchange sites on a wide variety of iron(III) and aluminum compounds (Clifford and Ghurye, 2002), 227 (Su and Puls, 2003), 2582 (Holm, 2002 Smith and Edwards, 2005 Zhang et al., 2004 McNeill, Chen and Edwards, 2002), 146. Silica may directly compete with arsenic for sites or polymerize on adsorbent surfaces and eliminate surface charges that are favorable for arsenic adsorption (Stollenwerk, 2003), 89. 

R. Lee Webb, Clifford S. Labaw, and George R. Wellman—Smith Kline and French Laboratories, Organic Chemistry Department, 1500 Spring Garden Street, Philadelphia, PA 19101... 

Rowe, G.T., Clifford, C.H., Smith, K.L., and Hamilton, P.L. (1975) Benthic nutrient regeneration and its coupling to primary productivity in coastal waters. Nature 255, 215-217. 

John W. Olesik The Ohio State University, Columbus, O/z/o Stephen J. Ray Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana Mark Rehkamper Universitaet Muenster, Muenster, Germany Lee R. Riciputi Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee David H. Smith Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee Karen L. Sutton University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio Clifford H. Watson University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida... 

SR Dueker, AD Jones, GM Smith, AJ Clifford. Stable isotope methods for the study of beta-carotene-d8 metabolism in humans utilizing tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 66 4177, 1994. 

Smith R.F. (1985a) New aspects on the chemistry of tea and coffee. II. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 180, 15-20. Smith R.F. (1985b) A history of coffee. In Coffee. Botany, Biochemistry and Production of Beans and Beverage, Clifford M.N. and Willson K.C. Eds, Croom Helm and AVI, pp. 1-12. 

See, for example, Michael J. Barclay, Clifford W. Smith, and Ross L. Watts, The Determinants of Corporate Leverage and Dividend Policies, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance (Winter 1995), pp. 4-19 and Milton Harris and Artur Raviv, The Theory of Capital Structure, Journal of Finance 46 (1991), pp. 297-355. 

Clifford W. Smith and Jerold B. Warner, On Financial Contracting An Analysis of Bond Covemnts, Journal of Financial Economics 7 (1979), p. 117—161. 

---