Slow growth technique

In practice, then, the slow-growth technique is rather different from FEP when it comes to evaluating AE. Since each change in A is also a step in the simulation, all of the intrasolvent energy terms change in addition to the solvent-solute interaction terms. With respect to the latter terms, however, the evaluation is similar to FEP in that chimeric molecules are involved. 

At present, defect-free silicon crystals have been achieved at only at diameters of 200 mm. Comparisons of crystal quality were made among three techniques a typical conventional Czrochralski crystal growth technique, a slow-cooled controlled reaction and the perfect silicon process. The quality levels achieved in D-defect levels of the material is... 

With present anaerobic culturing techniques and the slow growth of these organisms, anaerobes are often not identified until 4 to 7 days after culture, and sensitivity information is difficult to obtain. For this reason, there are usually few data with which to alter the antianaerobic component of the antimicrobial regimen. 

The removal of the ensemble average over the A, ensemble in the final line on the r.h.s. reflects the protocol of this technique, the so-called slow-growth method. It is assumed that if the Hamiltonian is infinitesimally perturbed at every step in the simulation, then the system will constantly be at equilibrium (following some initial period of equilibration), so separate ensemble averages need not be acquired. 

Conditions of crystal growth of selected materials by Bridgman and slow cooling techniques... 

Hydrothermal-growth is usually defined as the use of an aqueous solvent at elevated temperature and pressure to dissolve a solute which would be insoluble under ordinary conditions. The advantages of the hydrothermal technique are a low growth temperature, a AT close to 0 at liquid/solid interface, an easily scalable technique, the reduction of most of the impurities from source. The disadvantages are the presence of intermediate products, the lithium or sodium or potassium incorporation when such solvents as LiOH, NaOH or KOH are used, the slow growth rates ( 10 mils per day), the inert liner needed, the occasional incorporation of OH and H2O. 

Since the initial discovery of SFC, this analytical technique has enjoyed rather slow growth. It is believed that the solution of a number of technological problems by the introduction of capillary columns in SFC will help to accelerate this growth. As additional problems are solved and new applications are demonstrated, there is every reason to expect that capillary SFC will eventually become widespread. 

Lead azide is only very slightly soluble in water, but the solubility is greatly increased by the addition of acetates or nitrates [3,17]. This increased solubility results from the complexation of the lead ion with the added anions. Because the solubility is temperature dependent, slow cooling can be used as a growth technique. The resulting crystals are of the orthorhombic modification (a-lead azide) [18]. 

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