Slaughterhouse wastes

Area repellents are materials that are intended to keep animals away from a broad area. They include predator scent such as Hon or tiger manure, blood meal, tankage such as putrefied slaughterhouse waste, bone tar oil, rags soaked in kerosene or creosote, and human hair (84). Although few controlled tests have been mn on these materials in the past, more recent investigations of predator odors have shown promise (85). 

The bio-gas project in Emilia-Romagna (Italy) first results of five full scale plants Farm experiments of anaerobic digestion to control odours from slurry Use of methanogenic fermentation to upgrade farm animal and slaughterhouse wastes Latest chemical slurry handling methods... 

Anaerobic thermophilic digestion of farm animal and slaughterhouse wastes were compared to each other especially from the bacteriological point of view. 

Adjustment of the ATD process to digestion of slaughterhouse waste seems to be more complicated than animal waste alone. However this can be solved by the addition of animal waste to the digesters in a ratio of at least 40% animal waste. It means also that adaption of ATD to solve the slaughterhouse waste needs a constant supply of raw material fed into the system. 

In certain circumstances and especially since slaughterhouse waste is digested, there is a need to disinfect to prevent spread of infectious agents (4). From the economical point of view it is much easier to disinfect prior to the ATD, however the decontamination procedures have to fulfill several requirements in order to be suitable for ATD. 

Permitted If the material is known to be free from chemical and antibiotic residues when applied to the land battery manure, municipal compost (recognised), farmyard manure (bought in), slaughterhouse waste, mushroom compost, tannery waste, recognised proprietary organic manures e.g. Grancreta and Regenor... 

Animal sources are less convenient than vegetable sources for production of commercial quantities of drugs, but some pharmaceuticals are obtained from slaughterhouse wastes. 

In the C-G process, first commercialized in 1961 to dry ground slaughterhouse waste, the ground meal is contained... 

Milwaukee, WI March 1993 Lake (403,000) Conv., chlorine Cattle wastes, slaughterhouse wastes d sewage carried by tributary rivers... 

Siegrist, H., Hunziker, W., Hofer, H. (2005). Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse waste with UF-membrane separation and recycling of permeate after free ammonia stripping. Water Science and Technology, 52(1—2), 531—536. 

Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewaters. Wastewaters from slaughterhouses contain proteins, iron, fats, and phosphoms. Different slaughterhouse wastes will also differ in quality due to many factors, such as the quality and quantity of animals slaughtered, various procedures used, working time, and the quantity of water used. 

Experiments were made on slaughterhouse wastes with Sphagnum peat, and it was found that a 0.15 m deep layer of peat removes disturbing impurities up to 90%, and after filtration the wastewater resembles household wastewater (Silvo, 1972). 

The adsorptive powers of lignite have been shown to reduce the COD of an effluent. Lignite treated with 50% sulphuric acid at 100°C is partly activated. It is claimed that activated carbon reduces the COD of slaughterhouse wastes by up to 60%. Lignite and lignite-derived activated carbons also exhibit adsorption of organics such as benzoic acid and chlo-robenzoic acids. The retention of metallic cations by lignites is well established (Allen et al, 1992 Ibarra et al., 1979). The adsorption of copper, cadmium, lead, aluminum, and zinc is shown in Fig. 15.5. 

Palatsi J, Vinas M, Guivemau M, Fernandez B, Flotats X (2011) Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse waste main process limitations and microbial commrmity interactions. Bioresour Technol 102 2219-2227... 

Salminen E, Rintala J, H ark onen J, Kuitunen M, Hogmander H, Oikari A (2001) Anaerobically digested poultry slaughterhouse wastes as fertilizer in agriculture. Bioresour Technol 78 81-88... 

Zwetsloot, M.J., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., 2015. Recycling slaughterhouse waste into fertilizer how do pyrolysis temperature and biomass additions affect phosphorus availabihty and chemistry Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95 (2), 281—288. 

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