Skin Drums

Drums make great music. Many handmade drums are beautiful works of art. Some drums are decorated with carvings, paint, beads, or unusual objects. Native Americans used animal skins to make drums. In this craft you will make a Skin Drum using a different kind of skin earth-friendly tree bark. 

1 piece construction paper, any size Craft glue or homemade Natural Glue, p. xiv Small oatmecd container Scissors 

20 or more pieces of tree bark, enough to cover an 8V2 X 11-inch piece of paper Wood glue 

2 brightly colored ribbons or raffia, 24 inches long 

Tightly cover the opening on top with the two sheets of waxed paper. Wrap the rubber band around the waxed paper to hold it in place. You may need someone to help you hold the waxed paper in place while you put on the rubber band. Smooth out the paper and pull it tight against the opening. 

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Tie both ends of the ribbons together so that you have a handle to carry your drum with or to hang it on a wall. Your Skin Drum is ready to shake, beat, and play with ... 

Activity Tree Talker, p. 2 Activity Family Tree, p. 7 Activity Nature Journal, p. 9 Activity Kindling Basket, p. 13 Activity Skin Drums, p. 16 Activity Sparkling Sea Scene, p. 20 Activity Scented Leaf Basket, p. 22 Activity Personcilized Nature Portrait, p. 23 Activity Rock Sculpture, p. 31... 

Textile membranes are thin, low-mass structures. This means that they provide little acoustic insulation, although micro-perforated foils in combination with other membranes may provide substantial acoustic absorption (Pudenz, 2004, p. 60). The tensioning of the membrane surface means that at times of heavy rain or hail, although these are usually of short duration, skin drumming occurs. This phenomenon is even more pronounced with inflated ETFE cushions. 

Preparation (i) (ii) Remove the skin from the surface of the primer, if any. and stir well the contents of the drum to make it a homogenous mixture Filler the mixture through a cambric cloth ... 

When a substance is released from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. This release does not always lead to exposure. You are exposed to a substance only when you come in contact with it. You may be exposed by breathing, eating, or drinking the substance, or by skin contact. 

Rainwater leaked into a room where hundreds of large cardboard drums of solid swimming pool chemicals were stored. The resulting explosion and fire set off a sprinkler system, soaking the remaining drums and spreading the fire. Explosions, fire, and chlorine releases lasted three days. Over 25,000 people were evacuated and 275 people went to the hospital with skin burns and respiratory problems. 

PEN has many superior properties therefore, it can meet the needs for many further industrial applications. PEN has a high modulus-to-density ratio and so it is used for cones and domes in mobile phone speakers, stereo speakers and drum skins. Sails made of PEN are 25 % stiffer, lighter and loose less wind than other materials, which hence provide more thrust from the wind to the vessel, thus enhancing its speed. Such sails have, in fact, been used in some Americas Cup competitions. 

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