Sizing Spillage

POOL FIRE A fire involving a flammable liquid spillage onto ground or onto water, or within a storage tank or treneh. The pool size depends upon the seale and loeal topography. Fire engulfment and radiant heat pose the main risks. 

Shut off all possible sources of ignition. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. A self-contained breathing apparatus may be necessary, depending on the size of the spill. Cover the spill with a 1 1 1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite), and sand. When the acetic anhydride has been absorbed, scoop into a plastic pail and, in the fume hood, very slowly add the mixture to a pail of cold water. Allow it to stand for 24 hours. Test pH of the solution and neutralize if necessary with sodium carbonate. Decant the solution to the drain with water. Treat the solid residue as normal refuse. The spillage site should be washed thoroughly with soap and water.19-22... 

Care must be taken to not spill any liquid onto the piezo transducer since this can cause a local short circuit and thus terminal damage to the piezo (for a typical image recorded with a damaged piezo transducer see Fig. 3.35, left2). In order to protect the piezo from accidental liquid spillage, the top of the scanner tube can be wrapped into a very thin polymer film (e.g. Parafilm, American National Can, Neenah, WI). For this purpose, the film is pre-stretched and then gently wrapped over the tube end (see schematic Fig. 3.35, right). It is also clear that the sample size should... 

Procedure Carefully place a drop of mercury into a test tube using the pipette. Place the test tube in a beaker to prevent any spillage. Freshly cut a pea-sized piece of sodium, place in the test tube and press into the mercury drop using the glass rod. Place the resulting sample of solid matter in the beaker and break with the tweezers. Add several ml of water and test the solution with indicator paper. 

Jefferis et al,36 provide a case study of a permeable reactive barrier installed at an industrial site in Belfast, UK. Historic spillages had resulted in contamination of the groundwater at the site with chlorinated solvents. Concentrations of trichloroethene, trichloroethane and tetrachloroethene reached 390mgl 1, 600 fig U and 100 fig 1 1 respectively. Reductive chlorination of these contaminants using iron filings in a permeable barrier was considered as a potential treatment option. The reactive barrier and associated cut-off walls had to be specifically designed to overcome site constraints. The size of the site was insufficient for... 

The NASA hydrogen release tests with the spillage of 5.7 m LH2 with the purpose of investigating dispersion behavior [26] revealed a few coarse data about the pool size on the ground which was compacted sand. The data revealed a much smaller pool size than predicted with a simple model explained by a strong release-induced vaporization and by ignoring the flash vaporization effect and possible percolation into the sand [26, 120]. 

Although suited to a wide range of slurries, unless special precautions are taken bag filters are not generally used with toxic or volatile feeds as some spillage occurs when the bag(s) are replaced. The fabric used to form the bag must be carefully chosen, in terms of pore size, to avoid undesirable blinding by particles. 

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