Size-structured competitors

A remarkable feature of the model (4.1) of size-structured competitors is that the average individual length and the average individual surface area of the /th population at time t approaches a constant value as / ->oo, and this value is independent of initial conditions and independent of whether or not a competing population is present. In order to see this, let... 

The equations describing the competition between two size-structured populations for a single nutrient can easily be inferred from (2.1). A subscript i is used for variables and parameters associated with the /th population, i = 1,2. In particular, let /, denote the length at birth of an individual of the /th population. We consider only two populations for simplicity a similar analysis can be carried out for any number of competitors [Cu2]. The equations are... 

Selection of the appropriate route of administration and delivery device is critical for the commercial success of a drug product. Although injections are the most efficient delivery method for proteins, they are not always the most suitable from the patient s perspective. Few routes of administration (IV, IM, SC, pulmonary, and topical for local delivery) have been successful to date with protein therapeutics because of the size and complexity of the protein structure. Consideration of the bioavailability via a given route must be made when determining the dose required. Use of a delivery device such as an implantable pump, needle-free injector, or dry-powder inhaler may yield a product with a commercial advantage over a competitor s product. 

Interactions of ID polymers with porous solid particles depend on many factors types (chemistry) of a polymer and a solid, textural, and morphological characteristics of solid particles (5, V, PSD, particle size), dispersion medium (solvent can be a strong competitor especially in narrow pores), concentration, temperature, and time of interactions. In this case, the confined space effects can play a much stronger role than in the case of nanooxides composed of nonporous nanoparticles. A polymer shell on adsorbent particles can form a strong barrier (thick cross-linked 3D strictures) or a semipermeable membrane (thin 2D structures at a lower degree of cross-linking). Core-shell... 

Further evidence in support of this possibility was obtained by comparing, as inhibitors in the same system, H-Acid p-azobenzoate with H-Acid p-azonitrobenzene. (The H-acid component was needed to solubilize the p-azonitrobenzene.) (See Table 2.2.) It was found that H-acid p-azobenzoate is a highly effective competitor Ko = 89) whereas H-acid p-azonitrobenzene has no detectable affinity for the antibody, despite the fact that the nitro group has virtually the same size and structure as carboxylate, and that both the nitro and carboxylate groups are coplanar with the benzene ring. The presence of the negative charge appears essential. 

Next, your consultant will want your agreement on the structure of the study. You should want to know your competitors identities, their size, growth trends, organization, product lines, major markets (and share in each of them), market share (both overall and by individual markets), innovation record, production capacity, and technical capabilities. Some of the information you want may simply be unavailable, such as production costs. Talking to people who are knowledgeable in the industry is more time-consuming... 

---