Size rule

Two liquid control valve sizing rules of thumb are... 

Accumulators can be used to help stabilize the lube system against pressure transients such as that from the turbine power operator during a large correction. For a sizing rule of thumb, the system pressure should not vary by more than 10%, while the turbine servo travels full stroke in a one second interval. The role of accumulators for pump switching was covered earlier in the section on Startup Control. 

For smaller, high-speed compressors the piping sizing rules of thumb discussed above, in conjunction with pulsation bottles sized from Figure 11 -24, should be sufficient for individual field compressors. These niles of thumb can also be used for preliminary sizing of piping and bottles in preparation for an analog study. 

If the notion that 15-crown-5 is selective for Na" " is correct, then Ks for the interaction 15-crown-5 Na+ should be greater than the interaction 15-crown-5 K+. We see from Table I that log Ks for the sodium interaction is 3.24 (1,740) compared to 3.43 (2,690) for potassium. An alternate definition of Na+-selectivity might be that 15-crown-5 binds Na" " more strongly than 18-crown-6 binds Na" ". The log Ks values for this pair of interactions is, respectively, 3.24 (1,740) vs. 4.35 (22,400). Clearly, 15-crown-5 is not selective for Na" " and the simple "hole-size rule does not correctly account for the results. 

McCormick, G.P., "A Modification of Armijo s Step-size Rule... 

On metal systems, you have two choices Connect the ion gauge by connecting tubing (same tubing size rules apply from Point 2), or use a nude gauge. 

One argument for a lower limit may be the specificity that is required - drugs need to act selectively on their target molecules in order to be clinically useful. There are numerous examples of low-molecular weight poisons - probably the better part of the periodic table is poisonous. There are, however, interesting exceptions to these molecular size rules of thumb. One is lithium another popular example is shown in Figure 1.3. 

Figure 1.3. An interesting exception to the molecular size rules of thumb.

Exceptions to this repeat-unit-size rule (see Section 2.3) were found, however, even when the parental mitochondrial genomes carried the same ori sequence (compare the supppressivities of petites bl7/b20, bll/b7, a 1/7/8. f in/20 of Fig. 2.16 and the predominance in crosses of b7 over bll, of b over hp5, of b 13/1 over a-23/3 see also Rayko et al., 1988). This indicates that noncoding, intergenic sequences flanking ori sequences also play a role in the modulation of replication efficiency. Since in different petites such sequences differ in primary structure, size, and position relative to ori sequences, this modulation is likely to take place through an indirect effect on DNA and nucleoid structure (Rayko et al., 1988 see Fig. 2.21). 

How to size rules of thumb and short cut sizing for estimating the size of the equipment. In general these work within a factor of ten but usually a factor of four. 

Roundy, Robin. A 98%-Effective Lot-Sizing Rule for a Multi-Product, Multi-Stage Production Inventory System. Mathematics of Operations Research (1986) 11, 699-727. 

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