Size-exclusion chromatography multidimensional

Other groups have also used EC and CE to perform non-comprehensive multidimensional separations (15, 16). A three-dimensional separation was performed by Stromqvist in 1994, where size exclusion chromatography (SEC), reverse-phase HPLC, and CZE were used in an off-line manner to separate peptides (17). The most useful information gained from all of these non-comprehensive studies was knowledge of the orthogonality and compatibility of EC and CE. 

Cortes et al. (15) have demonstrated the use of multidimensional chromatography employing on-line coupled microcolumn size exclusion chromatography and... 

Jackson, C. and Yau, W. W., Computer simulation study of multidetector size-exclusion chromatography. Flory-Schulz molecular weight distribution, in Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers, Hyphenated and Multidimensional Techniques, Provder, T., Barth, H. G., and Urban, M. W., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1995, chap. 6. 

H. J. Cortes, B. M. Bell, C. D. Pfeiffer and J. D. Graham, Multidimensional chromatography using on-line coupled microcolumn size exclusion chromatography-capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of polymer additives , J. Microcolumn Sep. 1 278-288. (1989)... 

Figure 10.6. Setup for size exclusion chromatography with multidimensional detection.

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC, also known as gel permeation chromatography) is a method of separating compounds of different molecular masses and sizes. Because steric interactions between analytes and the stationary phase are relatively weak, unstable forms of metals can be separated from more stable complexes and from adducts stabilized by ionic interactions. Unfortunately, the process of sorption and ionic interactions between the investigated substances and the stationary phase can decrease metal recovery by as much as 50 % these interactions are also responsible for the instability of retention times [146]. The separation can be performed both in the aqueous environment and in the presence of organic solvents. Because the technique is not selective, it is utilized primarily as the first stage of multidimensional chromatography [147]. 

Lecchi, P., Gupte, A.R., Perez, R.E., Stockert, L.V., Abramson, F.P. Size-exclusion chromatography in multidimensional separation schemes for proteome analysis. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 56, 141-152 (2003)... 

Patrick, D.W. Strand, D.A. Cortes, H.J. Automation and optimization of multidimensional microcolumn size exclusion chromatography-liquid chromatography for the analysis of photocrosslinkers in Cyclotene 400 series advanced electronic resins. J. Sep. Sci. 2002, 25, 519-526. 

Figure 12.8 Mia ocolumn size exclusion chromatogram of a styrene-aaylonitrile copolymer sample fractions ti ansfeired to the pyrolysis system are indicated 1-6. Conditions fused-silica column (50 cm X 250 p.m i.d.) packed with Zorbax PSM-1000 (7p.m 4f) eluent, THF flow rate, 2.0 p.L/min detector, Jasco Uvidec V at 220 nm injection size, 20 nL. Reprinted from Analytical Chemistry, 61, H. J. Cortes et al, Multidimensional chromatography using on-line microcolumn liquid chromatography and pyrolysis gas chromatography for polymer characterization , pp. 961 -965, copyright 1989, with peimission from the American Chemical Society.

Figure 15.5 Separation of Voriconazole and an internal standard by using SEC-HPLC. Adapted from Journal of Chromatography, B 691, D.A. Stopher and R. Gage, Determination of a new antifungal agent, voriconazole, by multidimensional high-perfomiance liquid chromatography with direct plasma injection onto a size exclusion column , pp. 441 -448, copyright 1997, with permission from Elsevier Science.

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