Single-wall carbon nanotubes thermal conductivity

J. Hone, M. Whitney, C. Piskoti, A. Zettl, Thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Physical Review B, 59 (1999) R2514-R2516. 

Nanofillers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), especially single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), have attracted a great deal of interest due to their low density, large aspect ratio, superior mechanical properties, and unique electrical and thermal conductivities [1-4], They can find potential applications in many fields, such as chemical sensing, gas storage, field emission, scanning microscopy, catalysis, and composite materials. 

Nanofillers have superb thermal and electrical properties. All nanotubes are expected to be very good thermal conductors along the tube axis, exhibiting a property known as ballistic conduction, but good insulators laterally to the tube axis. It has been reported that single-wall carbon nanotubes exhibit thermal conductivity (TC) values as high as 2000-6000 W mK [4] under ideal circumstances. The temperature stability of carbon nanotubes is estimated to be up to 2800 °C in a vacuum, and about 750 °C in air. By comparison, metals have TC values of several hundred W mK , and water and oil have TC values of only 0.6 W mK and 0.2 W mK respectively. Table 19.1 lists the thermal conductivities of various materials, including nanofillers (nanotubes), metals, and oils. 

B. Wright, D. Thomas, H. Hong, L. Groven, J. Puszynski, E. Duke, X. Ye, and S. Jin, Magnetic field enhanced thermal conductivity in heat transfer nanofluids containing Ni coated single wall carbon nanotubes, Appl. Phy.s Lett., 91,173116 (2007). 

The effects of nano-structured carbon fillers [fuUerene C60, single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), carbon nanohom (CNH), carbon nanoballoon (CNB), and ketjenblack (KB) and conventional carbon fillers [conductive grade and graphi-tized carbon black (CB)]] on conductivity (resistance), thermal properties, crystallization, and proteinase K-catalyzed enzymatic degradation of PLA films were investigated by Tsuji et al. [70]. The researchers found that the addition of 1 wt% SWCNT effectively decreased the resistivity of PLA film compared with that of conventional CB. The crystallization of PLA further decreased the resistivity of films. The addition of carbon fillers, except for C60 and CNB at 5 wt%, lowered the glass transition temperature, whereas the addition of carbon fillers, excluding... 

Single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) network sensors were prepared as previously described (7-9). The carbon nanotube network (CNN) sensors were spray coated with a 0.1% by weight solution of polymer to a thickness of approximately 100 nm. These CNN sensors can be monitored simultaneously in capacitive and resistive mode. The capacitance was measured by applying a 0.1 V, 30 kHz, AC voltage between a conducting Si substrate and a S T network deposited on a thermal SiOa layer. The induced AC current was measured using a Stanford Research Systems SR830 lock-in amplifier. 

Qin et al. [114] prepared functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through treatment of polystyrene via the grafting-to method. The results showed that the PS was covalently attached to the side walls of SWNTs. The poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) was functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) via atom transfer-radical polymerization (ATRP) and the BaTiOs nanoparticles were modified by amino-terminated silane molecules. Then, the nanocomposites with high dielectric coti-stant and high thermal conductivity were prepared by a grafting to method [115]. 

Pop, E., D. Mann, Q. Wang, K. Goodson, and H. Dai. 2005. Thermal conductance of an individual single-wall carbon nanotube above room temperature. Nano Letters 6(1) 96-KK). 

Fangming, D. Fisher, J.E. Winey, K.I. (2003). Coagulation method for preparing single walled carbon nanotube/ polyfmethyl methacrylate) composites and their modulus, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. Journal of Polymer Science Part B, Polymer Physics, 41, 3333-3338. 

Yamashita K, Funato T, Suzuki Y, Teramachi S, Doi Y (2003) Characteristic interactions between poly(hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase and poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] film studied by a quartz crystal microbalance. Macromol Biosci 3 694—702 Yang L, Setyowati K, Li A, Gong S, Chen J (2008) Reversible infrared actuation of carbon nanotube-liquid crystalline elastomer nanocomposites. Adv Mater 20 2271-2275 Yu C, Shi L, Yao Z, Li D, Majumdar A (2005) Thermal conductance and thermopower of an individual single-wall carbon nanotube. Nano Lett 5 1842-1846 Yu H, Qin Z, Zhou Z (2011) Cellulose nanocrystals as green fillers to improve crystallization and hydrophilic property of poly(3-hydroxybut3uate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Prog Nat Sci Mater Int 21 478 84... 

El Badawi N, Ramadan AR, Esawi AMK, El-Morsi M (2014) Novel carbon nanotube-cellulose acetate nanocomposite membranes for water filtration applications. Desalination 344 79-85 Esteban EU-B, Matthew JK, Virginia AD (2013) Dispersion and rheology of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in unsaturated polyester resin. Macromolecules 46(4) 1642-1650 Fang L, Xue Y, Lin H, Shuai C (2011) Friction properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced nitrile composites under water lubricated condition. Adv Mater Res 284—286 611-614 Fangming D, John EF, Karen IW (2003) Coagulation method for preparing single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites and their modulus, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. J Pol) Sci Part B Polym Phys 41(24) 3333-3338... 

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), the third allotrope of carbon next to diamond and graphite, were discovered in 1991. Since then, their exceptional properties, such as extremely high tensile strengths (150-180 GPa) and modulus (640 GPa to 1 TPa), "ballistic thermal conduction (>3000 W/mK for individual tubes) and exceptional electrical conductivity, have been unveiled. These properties are directly attributed to their unique structure. CNTs are long cylinders of covalently bonded carbon atoms, which look somewhat like graphene sheets that have been rolled-up into seamless tubes. The tube ends may be capped by hemi-fullerenes. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) comprise only one such cylinder, while multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) contain a set of coaxial cylinders, see Figure 1.3. 

Fujii et al [33] have measured the thermal conductivity of a single carbon nanotube using a suspensed CNT attached T-type nanosnesor. They found that the thermal conductivity of CNT at room temperature increases as its diameter decreases (Figure 5). The diameter dependent thermal conductivity indicates that the interactions of phonons and electrons between multi-walled layers affect the thermal conductivity. This one increases as the number of multi-walled layers decreases. A single walled carbon nanotube is expected to have much higher thermal conductivity. 

Lukes, J.R. and Zhong, H. (2007) Thermal conductivity of individual single wall carbon nanotubes. J. Heat Tranter, 129, 705-716. 

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