Single sweeps

The thermographic activity on the pressure vessel was carried out considering a part of it because of the axial symmetry. Three different partially overlapping area were inspected since it was optically impossible to scan the curved surface of the pressure vessel by a single sweep. The selected areas are shown in fig.7 and the correspondent positions of the thermographic scan unit are also illustrated. The tests were performed with a load frequency of 2, 5 and 10 Hz. 

Figure 4.25. Experimental configuration for optical pyrometry of shock temperatures induced in transparent minerals. Upon impact of projectile with driver plate, a shock wave is driven into the driver plate and then into the sample. Optical radiation from the sample is detected via six lens/interference filter channels and an array of six photodiodes. Signals from photodiode circuits are recorded on oscilloscopes operating in single sweep model. (After Ahrens et al. (1982).)...

In LSV usually a single-sweep procedure, the so-called impulse method, is applied with the result illustrated in Fig. 3.30. In the multi-sweep procedure, formerly called Kipp method, Fig. 3.31 is obtained, which shows the saw-tooth character of the sweep and a series of peak curves of increasing height caused by the growing drop surface. Exceptionally, use is made of a triangular sweep in the impulse method this variant of cyclovoltammetry is depicted in Fig. 3.32... 

Inputs and outputs for function generator and cathodic-ray oscilloscope (or rapid x y recorder) in single sweep and cyclic VA... 

Additional 612 VA scanner provides single-sweep triangular-wave and cyclic triangular-wave VA... 

Fig. 5.45 Single-sweep voltammogram of oxidation of methanol in 0.5 m H2S04, with the same electrode and u>... 

A single sweep into the oxide formation with the Pt(lll) surface causes a considerable change of voltammetry curve for a well-ordered surface, as can be seen in Fig. 4a. Two new small peaks are seen on the curve of the original Pt(lll). These peaks can be seen on the curves for surfaces by believed to be... 

In linear sweep voltammetric techniques the applied electrode potential is varied from an initial value E to a final value f at a constant scan rate v (single sweep voltammetry). Once the value is reached the direction of the scan can be reversed, maintaining the same scan rate v, and the potential brought back to the initial value (cyclic voltammetry). In the two cases the form of the potential-time impulse can be represented as shown in Figure 1. 

In contrast to linear single sweep or cyclic voltammetry, which give non-symmetric peaks, DPV affords symmetric peaks which start from zero-current values and finish at zero-current values, see Figure 39. 

Figure 24.3 Typical single-sweep measurements of spectral absorption coefficients kv, cm ) obtained by simuftaneousiy tuning two independent diode fasers at 10-kifohertz rates across H2O transitions near 1343 run (a) and 1392 nm (6). The measurements were made over a 5-centimeter path through the combustion region of a 5-kifowatt forced combustor operating on C2H4-air...

Figure 24.3 shows typical single-sweep (raw data) measurements of spectral absorption coefficients obtained simultaneously by tuning two diode lasers independently at 10-kilohertz rates across H2O transitions near 1343 and 1392 nm over a 5-centimeter path through the combustion region x/d = 2) of the forced combustor (jet diameter d = 2.1 cm, 4> = 0.75). The product of the spectral absorption coefficient at frequency v ki, cm ) and path length L, cm) is given by ki,L = ln(/o//)j/, where / and Iq are the transmitted and... 

Figure 24.15 Single-sweep data traces of H2O absorption recorded in a hypersonic flow with an enthalpy of 10 MJ/kg. The panels shows the absorbance (as a function of laser frequency, cm ) near 1.400 pm (a) and 1.395 pm (6) recorded simultaneously. V = 4630T50 m/s Ttran.i = 561 15 K Ph20,i = 0.43 0.03 Torr Ttran,2 = 544 35 K and Ph20,2 = 0.45 0.06 Torr...

Lu et al. have described a single sweep voltammetric method for the determination of chlorpromazine at carbon paste electrodes [176]. Powdered tablet was dissolved in and diluted to 100 mL with water, whereupon a 10 mL portion of the solution was mixed with 10 mL of acetate buffer solution (pH 5.3). This solution was then diluted to 100 mL. The solution was analyzed using an electrolytic cell equipped with a carbon paste working electrode, a reference saturated calomel electrode, and a platimun counter-electrode. The voltammogram was recorded by single sweep scanning from 0 to 1 V, with a scanning rate of 10 mV/sec. 

Panel widths ranged from 8 to 10 feet, lengths were 8 to 12 feet, and nominal thickness was 4 inches. The desirable approach is to deliver a full width of mixed material at the beginning to the panel and sustain a delivery rate to maintain full width ahead of the screed. Screeds used were wood equipped with a vibrator, either electrical or air-powered, the latter being preferred by these operators. Once the screed starts, it is preferable to continue in one single sweep to the completion of the panel. Figure 6 shows a floor section after screeding. 

Sulfur concrete freezes like a metal casting. The surface forms a skin first. Once the skin is formed, no further work can be accomplished. It can be reheated within limits by radiant heat and further worked. A single-sweep method is most effective. 

In measuring detonation velocities of explosives, a variety of techniques for time base presentations on the cathode-ray screen have been developed. These include single sweep (and its multichannel modification), raster sweep, zigzag sweep and spiral sweep... 

G.C. Whitnack, Determination and Monitoring of Some Organic Explosives in Natural and Effluent Water by Single-Sweep Foiarography , IdentifAndOrgPollutWater, 265—79 (1976)... 

Fig. 18. Proton NMR spectrum at 220 Me of human cyanoferrihemoglobin at 36 °C. Different scales were used for the different spectral regions. This spectrum was recorded in a single sweep. The signal-to-noise ratio could be further improved by employing a computer of average transients...

Cao and Zeng [52] used of an oscillopolarographic method for the determination and the electrochemical behavior of omeprazole. Portions of standard omeprazole solution were treated with 1 ml 1 M ammonia/ ammonium chloride at pH 8.9 and the solution was diluted with water to 10 ml. The diluted solution was subjected to single sweep oscillopolaro-graphy with measurement of the derivative reduction peak at —1.105 V versus saturated calomel electrode. The calibration graph was linear from 0.5 to 10 /iM omeprazole with a detection limit of 0.2 fiM. The method was applied to the analysis of omeprazole in capsules with recoveries of 100-118.6% and RSD of 6.78%. The electrochemical behavior of omeprazole at the mercury electrode was also investigated. 

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