Single molecule fluorescence techniques measurements

One such approach has recently been developed and shown to enable high-resolution NSOM fluorescence and force measurements on viable cultured human arterial smooth muscle (HASM) cells under buffered conditions [28,29], This approach takes advantage of the nanofabrication capabilities of focused ion beam (FIB) milling to sculpt a light delivery structure into the end of a conventional AFM probe. The FIB technique, which utilizes a focused beam of gallium ions to mill samples with nanometer resolution, was first used by van Hulst and co-workers to modify conventional NSOM probes [30]. They demonstrated an improvement in single molecule fluorescence measurements using... 

The mixed mode of sorption of the dye l,l -dioctadecyl-3,3,3, 3 -tetramethylindocar-bocyanine pechlorate (Dil) at the interface of an ODS stationary phase and ACN-water mobile phase was studied by single-molecule resolution and fluorescence imaging techniques. The measurements indicated that minimally four types of adsorption sites are present on the surface of the ODS stationary phase. The desorption times of the dye are different at the different adsorption sites resulting in a deformed peak shape [152],... 

An indication of the potential sensitivity of fluorometry is that single-molecule detection has been based almost exclusively on the use of fluorescent labeled compounds. In addition, fluorometric determinations can combine several parameters simultaneously ( multidimensional techniques), such as excitation and emission wavelengths, fluorescence lifetime, and polarization, providing additional specificity and versatility to the analytical measurements. 

The techniques involved are single-molecule spectroscopy including optical (fluorescence) methods and single-molecule mechanical manipulation including scanning probe techniques (e.g., force measurements). 

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