Single cell texturization

Fig. 17 Micropattemed surfaces allow ultrahigh-throughput production of size-specified aggregates. Surfaces patterned were generated in (a) poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with wells of (b) 100, 200, 400 and 800 pM. (c) Sections of PDMS textured with 400 pM wells were inserted into wells in a 24-well plate. A single-cell suspension of hESCs was dispensed into the microwells. After 24 h, the well contents were imaged, extracted and re-imaged, (d) Aggregates were formed only in the presence of 10 pM of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, in the presence or absence of centrifugation. Scale bars 400 pM [134]...

Thus, mosaic single crystal, polycristal, texture electron diffraction patterns provide valuable material for complete structural investigations. A complete determination of the unit cell of any crystal can be made from electron diffraction patterns, particularly of plate textures. 

Where Jo and S are the current density of the primary beam and the area of the irradiated sample, Z is the wave length, Ohki the structure factor amplitude, Q the volume cell, Z a factor that takes the microstructure of sample into account (Zm - for a mosaic single crystalline film, Zt - for a texture film), t is the sample thickness, dhu the interplanar spacing, a represents the mean angular distribution of the microcrystallites in the film, p is a multiplicity factor (accounts for the number of reflections of coincidence), R is a horizontal coordinate of a particular reflection in DP from textures and (p is the tilt angle of the sample. In the case of polycrystalline films, a local intensity is usually measured and the corresponding relation is ... 

The purpose of indexing texture patterns is the geometrical reconstruction of the three-dimensional reciprocal lattice from the two-dimensional distribution of H spacings. One advantage of texture patterns is the possibility to determine all unit cell parameters of a crystal unambiguously and index all the diffraction peaks from only a single texture... 

Texture has a number of component attributes, and some of them can be assessed by mechanical means. The texture or firmness of cooked potatoes is evaluated by subjecting each sample to a compression test using a universal testing machine equipped with a load cell. Cooked potato cylinders are compressed in a single-cycle compression-decompression test. Uniaxial compression is measured with an Instron machine with a lOON load cell. Measurements are performed on hot potato cylinders (depth 12 mm, height 10 mm) from 15 potatoes immediately after cooking, at a deformation rate of 20 mm/min. Stress and strain at fracture are calculated by the Instron series IX version 7.40 software and means of 15 repetitions are calculated. 

Anyone eating a steak or a slice carved from roast beef knows that meat is fibrous in texture. These fibers, 20 to 100 fj.m in diameter and very long, are the multinucleate muscle cells of which skeletal muscles are composed (Fig. 1 A, B). Such fibers in the light microscope appear cross-striated and the muscles from which they are derived are known as striated muscles. The term striated also covers the muscles in animal hearts (Fig. 1C), but here the cells (the myocytes) are much shorter, they contain a single nucleus, and they are linked end to end by special structures known as... 

These high-performances on single crystal substrates have been confirmed on multicrystalline Si substrates. ANU fabricated a cell of 15.4% efficiency and Voc of 639 mV on a lightly doped substrate and a cell of 15.2% efficiency and Voc of 639 mV on a heavily doped substrate (with no texturing in either case,... 

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