Simple Carbohydrates 1 Classification

The Latin word for sugar is saccharum and the derived term saccharide is the basis of a system of carbohydrate classification A monosaccharide is a simple carbohydrate one that on attempted hydrolysis is not cleaved to smaller carbohydrates Glucose (C6H12O6)... 

The Latin word for sugar is saccharum, and the derived term saccharide is the basis of a system of carbohydrate classification. A monosaccharide is a simple carbohydrate, one that on attempted hydrolysis is not cleaved to smaller carbohydrates. Glucose (C6H12O6), for example, is a monosaccharide. A disaccharide on hydrolysis is cleaved to two monosaccharides, which may be the same or different. Sucrose—common table sugar—is a disaccharide that yields one molecule of glucose and one of fructose on hydrolysis. 

Requirements of simplicity and uniformity in nomenclature suggest that the Rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry with regard to simple urea derivatives and to carbohydrates be applied to the glycosyl ureides. Thus, in this review the A-glycosides of urea, thiourea, and guanidine are included, with generic classifications as follows. 

This chapter is organized around the four major classes of biological macromolecules. Recognize what most macromolecules have in common They are assembled from simple monomer units. Proteins are assembled from amino acids, carbohydrates are assembled from monosaccharides, and nucleic acids are assembled from nucleotides. Lipid is a catchall classification that includes fats, oils, phospholipids, waxes, steroids, and some other molecules. Organize your study into these four categories. 

Having broken away from the concept of defining a substance by what it does rather than what it is, a simple but more comprehensive classification of food carbohydrate, which includes dietary fibre, can be made. Figure 1 shows such a scheme, and gives the approximate amounts of each substance present in the average British diet. ... 

Classification of the Carbohydrates.—A. Monosaccharides.—Simple sugars having the general formula C H2 0 . All are soluble in water, have a sweet taste, and reduce alkaline solutions of copper. 

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