Silicon-based chemical

A. Poghossian and M.J. Schoning, Silicon-based chemical and biological field-effect sensors, in Encyclopedia of Sensors (C.A. Grimes, E.C. Dickey, and M.V. Pishko, eds), Vol. 9, pp. 463-533. American Scientific Publisher, Stevenson Ranch, 2006. 

In 1992, R.M. Laine (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) announced the development of a process that transforms sand and other forms of silica into reactive silicates that can be used to synthesize unusual silicon-based chemicals, polymers, glasses, and ceramics. The Lame procedure produces pentacoordinate silicates directly from low-cost raw materials—silicon dioxide,ethylene glycol, and an alkali base. The mixture is approximately a 60 1 ratio of silica gel, fused silica (or sand) to metal hydroxide and ethylene... 

Micro flow control devices open new possibilities for the miniaturization of conventional chemical and biochemical analysis systems. The micro total analysis system (pTAS) including microfabricated detectors (e.g. silicon based chemical sensors, optical sensors), micro flow control devices and control/detec-tion circuits is a practical micro electro mechanical system (MEMS). pTAS realize very small necessary sample volume, fast response and the reduction of reagents which is very useful in chemical and medical analysis. Two approaches of monolithic and hybrid integration of these devices have been studied. Monolithic and hybrid types of flow injection analysis (FIA) systems were already demonstrated [4, 5]. The combination of the partly integrated components and discrete components is useful in many cases [6]. To fabricate such systems, bonding and assembling methods play very important roles [7]. 

Jackman, R.J., Queeney, K.T., Herzig-Marx, R., Schmidt, M.A., Jensen, K.F., Integration of multiple internal reflection (MIR) infrared spectroscopy with silicon-based chemical microreactors. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Proceedings 5th Y7AS Symposium, Monterey, CA, Oct. 21-25, 2001, 345-346. 

With the increase in needs to monitor a variety of gases in our environment, the solid-state gas sensors based on electrical parameters are widely studied, including silicon-based chemical sensors, semiconducting metal oxide sensors, catalysis. 

Rossi AM, Borini S, Boarino L, Amato G (2003) Lateral structuring of porous sihcon application to waveguides. Physica Stat Solidi a-Appl Mater Sci 197(l) 284-287 Ruminski AM (2009) Manipulation of surface chemistry and nanostructure in porous silicon-based chemical sensors. Thesis, University of California, San Diego... 

With TiOj photocatalyst alone, the superhydrophilicity disappears shortly once the exposure of the surface to UV light is stopped. When the photocatalyst is combined with silica- or silicon-based chemical compounds that have siloxane bonding, the hydrophilic effect of the surface continues for a long time even in the daik, as seen in Fig. 4.2 [42]. 

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