Silicates montmorillonite

The most-popular nanofiller is a natural layered silicate, montmorillonite, that is subjected to specific treatments. The properties of the final nanocomposite depend on the these treatments and the mixing efficiency. 

Montmorillonite clays are layered silicates montmorillonite K-10 is a specially manufactured acidic catalyst (Montmorillonite K10, [1318-93-0] A. Comelis, P. Laszlo, M. W. Zettler in eEROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, L. A. Paquette, Ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., online reference available at http //www.intersciene.wiley.com)... 

More recently, interest in the addition of carboxylic acids to alkenes has focused on the development of new catalytic systems such as clay,466 sheet silicate (montmorillonites) 467 wofatit468 and zeolites.469... 

Clays are aluminosilicates with a two-dimensional or layered structure including the common sheet 2 1 alumino- and magnesium- silicates (montmorillonite, hectorite, micas, vermiculites) (figure 7.4) and 1 1 minerals (kaolinites, chlorites). These materials swell in water and polar solvents, up to the point where there remains no mutual interaction between the clay sheets. After dehydration below 393 K, the clay can be restored in its original state, however dehydration at higher temperatures causes irreversible collapse of the structure in the sense that the clay platelets are electrostatically bonded by dehydrated cations and exhibit no adsorption. 

A, which is relative to twice the gallery expansion by two layers of polymer. Figure 16.21 shows structural arrangement of PEO intercalated into phyllo-silicate (montmorillonite). Other organic components such as crown ethers can also be used. This is an example that ionic structures can be regularly located within the structure of the composite. These ionic structures can be useful in ion selective sen-... 

By the treatment of crude, alkaline polyethers, in the presence of water (1-2% against the polyether), with solid adsorbents (1-3% against the polyether) such as aluminium silicates (montmorillonite type, bentonites, activated Fuller s earth) and magnesium silicate (Magnesol) [132,133], the potassium ion is efficiently retained on the solid surface by adsorption. The high surface area of these adsorbents, i.e., 100-250 m2/g, helps the adsorption efficiency. 

Acetylacetone adsorption and interaction on the surface of layered silicates (montmorillonite) containing various cations (Li, Na, Ca, Cu +, Co +, NP+, AP+, and Fe +) were studied via IR spectroscopy in a contribution by Sohn and Lee [739]. These authors found that both the OH groups of the surface of the layers and of the cations interacted with the carbonyl group of the adsorbate and proposed a model for the orientation of the acetylacetonate complex between two layers of the montmorillonite. 

Fig. 2 Model structure of layered silicates (montmorillonite) where usually silicon sits in the tetrahedral locations of the oxygen network. The octahedral positions may variously be iron, aluminium, magnesium or lithium, and the exchangeable cation in the gallery is given by M " [4]...

Laureth-23 Linoleamide DEA Locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) gum Magnesium aluminum silicate Montmorillonite Myreth-3 myristate Myristamide DEA Myristamide MEA Myristamidopropyl betaine Myristyl myristate... 

Acrylates copolymer Aluminum distearate Aluminum palmitate Attapulgite Capryl hydroxyethyl imidazoline EO/PO ethylenediamine block copolymer Ethylene/MA copolymer Hydroxyethylcellulose Isopropyl glycidyl ether Magnesium aluminum silicate Montmorillonite PEG-4 laurate PEG-12 laurate PEG-5M PEG-9M PEG-23M PEG-45M PEG-20 oleate PEG-4 stearate PEG-20 stearate Polyethylene wax PVP Silica, fumed Sodium polyacrylate Stearamide Tall oil hydroxyethyl imidazoline Xanthan gum thickener, paints/coatings Methyl hydroxyethylcellulose thickener, paints emulsion Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Hydroxypropylcellulose thickener, paper... 

Clays and layered silicates Montmorillonite, hectorite, saponite, fluoromica, fluorohectorite, vermiculite, kaolinite, magadite... 

Nano-plates are generally naturally occurring layered materials such as layered silicates (montmorillonite plates, a type of clay) which is dispersed within polymers for nanocomposite formation (Hackman and Hollaway, 2006 Tran et al. (2006) initially man-made materials such as silicate acids were used (Wang et al., 1996). The objective in a nanocomposite produced from plate-like fillers is to disperse the latter in a polymer to take advantage of... 

Figure 2.4 TOT-structure of three-layer sheet silicates (montmorillonite) (after Millot, 1979).

Plastic additives based on layered aluminum silicate, montmorillonite clay, have drawn significant attention in the polymer and plastic community in the past 10 years. This article will focus on the general chemistry of polymer-clay nanocomposites and their applications as flame retardant additives. 

A commercially available organoclay based on a layered silicate (montmorillonite modified by dimethyldistearylammonium cation exchange) was used. The content of the quaternary ammonium compound was 38 wt%. Octadecylamine-modified montmorillonite is used to study the thermal stability of organoclay. 

Keywords layered fillers, layered silicates, montmorillonite, elastomers, nanocomposites, intercalation, exfoliation, ionic liquids. 

Un-OH can also be copolymetized with propene on a MAO-pretreated glass surface by Et(Ind)2ZrCl2. Parts of the resulting copolymer are chemically bonded to the surface, as shown by extraction experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microscopy as well as Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FUR) analysis. Similar results were reported for the copolymerization of ethene with Un-OH by the same catalyst system on the organically modified silicate montmorillonite (OMMT) resulting in PE-Un-OH/OMMT nanocomposites which consist of well-exfoliated OMMT dispersions and controlled degrees of PE functionalization. ... 

In the present work, novel methods are also described for the generation of palladium nanoparticles on the layered silicate montmorillonite and kaolinite using various polymers. The nonionic poly(iV-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) and the cationic polyfdiallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) were used for the synthesis. 

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