Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning

OPs cause adverse effects in poisoned animals and humans, which are based on the dose and durabon of exposure. Examples of the effects include nausea, coma, convulsions, respiratory failure, and death. Workers in pesticide manufacturing industries and farming industries may contract OP poisoning via skin absorption. The inhibition of AChE results in accumulahon of ACh, causing the wide variety of Henry s symptoms. 

TABLE 5-1 Signs and Symptoms of Organophos-phorus Pesticide Poisoning 

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal tightness, swelling, cramps, diarrhea, involuntary defecation 

dyspnea, wheezing, edema, bronchospasms, bronchoconstrictions, tightness, excessive bronchial secretions 

Altered blood pressure (increase/decrease), tachycardia, pallor 

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A small amount of acrolein may be fatal if swallowed. It produces bums of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach. Signs and symptoms of poisoning may include severe pain in the mouth, throat, chest, and abdomen nausea vomiting, which may contain blood diarrhea weakness and dizziness and coUapse and coma (99). 

Human TClo values of 3 ppm (no duration specified) and 325 micrograms per cubic meter (lig/m3) (0.1 ppm) (no duration specified) have been reported (RTECS 1987). Henderson and Haggard (1943) (as cited in AIHA1993) noted that exposure of humans to arsine at 3-10 ppm for a few hours may result in signs and symptoms of poisoning. Similar to the data set for acute lethality, most information on nonlethal effects of arsine exposure in humans are case reports representing exposure estimates. 

Data from case reports indicated that there is usually a 1- to 24-h delay between exposure and onset of signs and symptoms of poisoning. Additionally, hematologic parameters (e.g., hemoglobin, hematocrit levels) appear to be progressively affected for several days after the exposure. Hence although the exposure is acute, the most serious adverse effect may be delayed by several hours or days. 

TABLE 65.1. Signs and symptoms of poisoning with organophosphorus compounds... 

If the spill may expose the public to pesticides or pesticide residues, contact public health officials. If anyone is poisoned by contacting the spill or if you suspect that an exposure may lead to poisoning, call the hospital emergency room and provide them with the brand name, active ingredients, and any other labeling information about human health hazards, signs and symptoms of poisoning, and antidotes. 

Mendes et al. (2005) have reported a case of acnte intoxication in three members of a family in Brazil from ingestion of vegetables contaminated with aldicarb. The signs and symptoms of poisoning were those of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The recovery occurred within a few hours after ingestion. 

TABLE 71.1 Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning with OP Compounds (Milatovic and Jokanovid, 2009)... 

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