Significant digits rounding

Note that the answers have been rounded to three significant digits. Since the even-tempered formula is only an approximation, this does not introduce any significant additional error. 

Previously published and 1994 data aie rounded off by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to three significant digits and may not add to totals shown. Table includes data available through July 5, 1995. 

The analyst can then calculate the total probability of failure (Ft) by summing the probability of all failure paths (Fi-s). The probability of a specific path is calculated by multiplying the probabilities of each success and failure limb in that path. Note The probabilities of success and failure sum to 1.0 for each branch point. For example, the probability of Error B is 0.025 and the probability of Success b is 0.975.) Table 5.2 summarizes the calculations of the HRA results, which are normally rounded to one significant digit after the intermediate calculations are completed. 

If the digits to be discarded are less than- -500. . . .leave the last digit unchanged. Masses of 23.315 g and 23.487 g both round off to 23 g if only two significant digits are required. 

The second significant digit in (underlined) corresponds to the third decimal place of Xmean- In reporting this result, one should round as follows ... 

Notice that a result of this type, in order to be interpretable, must comprise three numbers the mean, the (relative) standard deviation, and the number of measurements that went into the calculation. All calculations are done using the full precision available, and only the final result is rounded to an appropriate precision. The calculator must be able to handle >4 significant digits in the standard deviation. (See file SYS SUITAB.xls.)... 

Example 48 The result is thus CL(/4) = 7.390 0.028 mM/g, and should be either left as given or rounded to one significant digit in C1 7.39 0.03 The %-variance contributions are given in parentheses (Eq. (4.24)). Note that the analytical method with the best precision (titrimetry), because of the particular numerical constellation, here gives rise to the largest contribution (77%). 

The programmable calculator or PC that is to be used must be able to work with the number of significant digits required by the algorithm rounding the coefficients can appreciably alter the results of an approximation. 

Round, Column Width) permits the raw data presentation to be adjusted by choosing the number of significant digits to which the numbers are rounded to, see Presentation of Numbers below the column width is automatically adjusted. 

Round off the atomic weights (found in the periodic table) of the first 20 elements to three significant digits each. 

Estimating distances. For both the worst-case and alternative release scenarios, the source must estimate the distance to where the endpoint is no longer exceeded and estimate the population (rounded to two significant digits) within a circle defined by the distance and centered at the release point. U.S. Census data may be used and it does not have to be updated however, the presence of sensitive populations (e.g. hospitals, schools, etc.) must be noted. In addition, the source must identify and list the types of environmental receptors within the calculated worst-case distance and circle however,... 

A rounded value of 96 500 C/mol is often used in calculations. Note that this rounded value has three significant digits. 

To get the appropriate number of significant digits (rule 1) or decimal places (rule 2), you may need to round your answer. 

Add, subtract, multiply, or divide. Round off your answer, and express it in scientific notation to the correct number of significant digits. 

DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), chlordane compounds (CHLs) and hexachlorobenzene. Residues levels of industry-derived contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-/>-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were also reviewed. Concentrations of these contaminants in different environmental compartments were expressed as unit equivalent to part-per-billion (ppb) level, unless otherwise specified. The cited values of concentrations from various literature sources were rounded to two significant digits for comparison. A number of factors can influence the concentrations in biological samples. Therefore, whenever possible, for biological samples the lipid normalized concentrations were cited for comparison. 

This value must be rounded off to three significant digits after the decimal point because this is the lowest precision of the added values. The four is an exact number. This means rounding downwards to 3.460 g, eliminating choices C and D. The volume of the collected stones is found from the increase in the level read off the cylinder ... 

This value must be rounded off to three total significant digits because this is the lower precision of the numerator and the denominator. The first insignificant digit is a 5. In this case there are additional non-zero digits after the 5, so rounding occurs upwards to 2.79 g/ml (answer B). 

This object is about 17,000 years old (rounded for significant digits). 

Round each value to the given number of significant digits. 

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