Signals multi-peak

Based on these results we can see that a weighting function, which is described by (7), provides side- lobes suppression around the CP. Under weighting the multi-peaks structure crossambiguity faction (CAP) signal has not changed. 

From Figure 3 one can see that the CAF of the multiphase signal retains the multi-peak structure under the weighting processing (7). The side-lobes level is reduced. The results of research are summarized in Table 6 7. 

It should be noted that the compoimd multiphase signal with parameters a =-MNB, P = N fto=0, Nbi=Nb and iV=324 (Affi=18, A r=18) for aperiodic and periodic modes were observed similar changes in the structure. After weighting the side lobe level is decreased. The multi-peak structure of the CAF under weighting was not changed. The signal-to-noise ratio losses is equal p = 0.725. 

The easiest hyphenated system consists of an LC instrument with a multi-wavelength (e.g. diode-array) UV detector. Such a system is excellent for characterizing copolymers consisting of two or more types of monomeric units, all of which exhibit (different) UV activity. Unfortunately, this is hardly ever the case. A combination of a UV detector and a refractive-index (RI) detector connected in series does in principle provide sufficient information for copolymers (two different monomeric units). However, the interdetector volumes and band broadening are a complicating factor, as are the different background and blank signals (solvent peaks) provided by the two instruments. 

Responses in standard solutions were tested for lead, cadmium, and zinc (see Fig. 7.5). The results obtained show well-defined and single peaks for all of the metals. Sharper peaks were obtained for lead and cadmium compared to zinc. Detection limits of 23.1, 2.2, and 600 pgL-1 were estimated for lead, cadmium, and zinc, respectively, based on the signal-to-noise characteristics of these data (S/N = 3). The reproducibility of the Bi-GECE was also tested and found to be 2.99%, 1.56%, and 2.19% for lead, cadmium, and zinc, respectively. The difference in peak shapes (sharper for lead and cadmium) and in detection limits of these heavy metals can be explained by the binary and multi-component fusing alloys formation of lead and cadmium with bismuth [40]. According to these results, it was deduced that zinc competes with bismuth for the surface site rather than involving an alloy formation with this metal. 

Multi-channel compression systems divide the speech spectrum into several frequency bands, and provide a compression amplifier for each band. The compression may be independent in each of the bands, or the compression control signals and/or gains may be cross-linked. Independent syllabic compression has not been found to offer any consistent advantage over linear amplification [Braida et al., 1979][Lippmann et al., 1981][Walker et al., 1984], One problem in multi-channel compression systems has been the unwanted phase and amplitude interactions that can occur in the filters used for frequency analysis/synthesis [Walker et al., 1984] and which can give unwanted peaks or notches in the system frequency response as the gains change in each channel. 

Among the double pulse techniques, DDPV is very attractive for the characterization of multi-electron transfer processes. Besides the reduction of undesirable effects, this technique gives well-resolved peak-shaped signals which are much more advantageous for the elucidation of these processes than the sigmoidal voltammograms obtained in Normal Pulse Voltammetry and discussed in Sect. 3.3. 

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