Translocation signals

Sporns O, Jenkinson S (1997) Potassium ion- and nitric oxide-induced exocytosis from populations of hippocampal synapses during synaptic maturation in vitro. Neuroscience 80 1057-73 Stamler JS, Toone EJ, Lipton SA, Sucher NJ (1997) (S)NO signals Translocation, regulation, and a consensus motif. Neuron 18 691-6... 

Protein kinase C is involved in NADPH oxidase activation and phosphorylation of p47phox (5). PKC is a fmnily of phospholipid dependent serine/threonine kinases, which act in multiple signal translocation. 1110 cofactor requirement differs between the various classes of PKC isotypes. 

Excitation of smooth muscle via alpha-1 receptors (eg, in the utems, vascular smooth muscle) is accompanied by an increase in intraceUular-free calcium, possibly by stimulation of phosphoUpase C which accelerates the breakdown of polyphosphoinositides to form the second messengers inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 releases intracellular calcium, and DAG, by activation of protein kinase C, may also contribute to signal transduction. In addition, it is also thought that alpha-1 adrenergic receptors may be coupled to another second messenger, a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein that mediates the translocation of extracellular calcium. 

Rel homology domain (RHD) that encompasses a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain, a dimerization domain and a nuclear translocation signal (NLS) (Fig. la). RelA, cRel, and RelB contain a transcription activation domain (TAD). NF-kB 1 and NF-kB2 are synthesized as large precursors, pi 05 and pi 00, that are posttranslationnally processed to generate the mature forms, p50 and p52, which lack a TAD. 

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