Signal overload

Figure 2 Signal overload. Two simple carton FIDs are shown. The left FID amplitude (A) is within scale and shows accurate measurements for each recorded point of acquisition. The right FID...

When using the spectrum analyzer, care must be taken not to overload the front-end with a strong input signal. Overloading can cause false signals to appear on the display. These false signals are the result of... 

The effect of prolonged antioxidant therapy in relation to normal physiological processes (for example, redox cycling, cell-cell signalling, transcription factor activation) must be assessed. It is conceivable that the overload of one antioxidant by dietary supplementation (for example, a-tocopherol) may shift the levels of other antioxidants (for example, by decreasing ascorbate and /3-carotene concentrations), with unknown consequences. To assess the potential for lipid-soluble antioxidant treatment in inflammatory diseases such as RA, further investigations into these questions will be needed. 

Concentration At high concentrations fluorescence emission l ecomes non-linear due to self-absorption by the sample itself or complete absorption of the excitation energy before it reaches the cell center. High fluorescence Intensity may overload the photomultiplier tube which returns slowly to its normal operating conditions and misrepresents the actual fluorescence signal until restabilized. 

Increase concentration of drug substance in sample solution Increased detector signal Solubility of drug substance, decreasing linearity of signal, peak broadening or instable currents due to overloading effects... 

The critical phase of either a creep test or a stress relaxation test is in the first few seconds. It is here that the transducer can be overloaded or the optical encoder can give a noisy response. Most controlled-strain instruments will give an audible error signal if the transducer is overloaded. For controlled-stress instruments, the noise level is determined by the resolution of the optical encoder. 

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