Optical encoding

Umezawa Y (2005) Genetically encoded optical probes for imaging cellular signaling pathways. Biosens Bioelectron 20 2504-11... 

Su X, Zhang J, Sun L, Koo T-W, Chan S, Sundararajan N, Yamakawa M, Berlin AA (2004) Composite organic — inorganic nanoparticles (COINs) with chemically encoded optical signatures. Nano Lett 5 49... 

The eye is a complex sensory organ, which receives visual information from the environment. It encodes optical information into complex electrical signals, which are transmitted to the cortex for visual imagery through the optical nerve. The visual efficiency primarily depends on the optical clarity of the eye (e.g., cornea, crystalline lens, and intraocular media) and the neural integrity of the visual pathway (e.g., retina, optic nerve, and visual cortex). 

Refregier, P. Javidi, B. (1995). Optical image encryption based on input plane and Fourier plane random encoding. Optics Letters, Vol. 20, pp. 767-769,1995... 

DMNPAA can be synthesized from p-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluorobo-rate and 2,5-dimethyl aniline by diazotization reaction. Similar to other azo dye molecules, this molecule also undergoes a trans-cis-trans photoisomerization process, which has been utilized for multilayer polarization-encoded optical data storage [52]. 

Knopfel T (2012) Genetically encoded optical indicators for the analysis of neiaronal circuits. Nat Rev Neurosci 13 687-700... 

IR-emitting diodes (GaAlAs) Optical switches, encoders, photo IC sensors... 

Complex I deficiency due to mtDNA mutations (seven subunits of complex I are encoded by mtDNA) can be divided into encephalomyopathies and myopathies. The most important encephalomyopathy is Leber s hereditary optic neuropathy, characterized by acute or subacute loss of vision due to severe bilateral optic atrophy, with onset usually between 18 and 30 years and marked predominance in men. Three mutations (in ND1, ND4 and ND6)... 

Figure 5.17 Stability of optical encoding towards oligonucleotide reagents. Organosilica microspheres covalently labelled with ATTO 550 dye are stable towards each of the reagents used in phosphoramidite oligonucleotide synthesis. In contrast, optically encoded polystyrene-divinylbenzene (DVB) beads are unstable in most steps, in particular those involving dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran. (Reproduced from ref. 28, with permission.)...

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