Sighting tubes

Figure 3.3 shows some elements of piping. The essential elements are pipe diameter, couplings, sight tubes, line branches (tees, wyes), and elbows. Some systems such as conveying systems for carbon black may contain aerators to prevent line plugging. Lines are usually 1.5 to 8" in diameter and are made out of aluminum, steel, or stainless steel. The designer should keep the number of branches, valves, and elbows to a minimum. Each causes obstruction to flow and potential problems in operation. 

One 5 gallon hold tank 304 SS with glass sight tube. E... 

Temperature measurement is done by focusing an optical pyrometer onto the element slot in the hot zone via a sighting tube positioned on the furnace body and fitted with a temperature resistant glass window, kept clear of soot with a minimal flow of N2 (too much will cause severe element erosion). 

Abstract Injection moulding, extrusion and other processes for manufacturing polymer components are discussed. Several case studies are presented where manufacture of polymer components is crucial to product performance, such as injection-moulded polycarbonate coimectors in a catheter, cylinder guard fractures, sight tubes, a crutch failure, and ozone cracking of tubing and a condom. 

Key words medical devices, implants, manufacturing defects, anaesthetics, sight tube, condom, crutch. 

Original PMMA sight tube with regular wall (as shown by shadow). 

Prototype moulded sight tube in acrylic showing severe weld lines and flow marks (in shadow). 

Fig. 14 The first experimental set-up with which it was possible to collect quasi-simulta-neously SAXS/WAXS/XAFS data. 1-position sensitive WAXS detector, 2-sample position and sample environment, 3-ion chamber for incoming beam intensity monitoring, 4-fluoresence detector, 5-optical bench, 6-SAXS detector, 7-beam stop in which a photo diode for transmitted beam intensity monitoring is integrated, 9-evacuated SAXS Sight tube. 

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