Siemens ozonizer discharge

The Effect of a Siemens Ozonizer Discharge on the Reaction of Carbon Monoxide and Steam... 

The gas-phase reaction of carbon monoxide and steam to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen has been studied in the presence of a Siemens ozonizer discharge. A factorial design was used to determine the effect of input electrical power, pressure, space velocity, and temperature on the conversion of carbon monoxide. With the aid of an empirical equation, derived from the factorial design data, the region of maximum conversion of carbon monoxide within the limits of the factors was determined. The rate of approach to thermodynamic equilibrium was investigated for one set of experimental conditions and was compared with previous work. The effect of changing the surface-to-volume ratio of the reactor upon carbon monoxide conversion was also determined. 

W. Siemens constracted the first machine to use the ozonator-discharge principle to generate ozone. 

T1he water-gas shift reaction was chosen for study in a Siemens type ozonizer discharge with the aim of establishing the important variables associated with the conversion of carbon monoxide. 

Silent discharges are obtained in a Siemens ozonizer, which is a system of two concentric tubes. The gas flows through the annulus (see Part II, section on Ojgrgen and Ozone). 

The historical development of European ozonators and ozone production are reviewed. The OttO/ van der Made, and Siemens processes for generating ozone are described. Recent improvements and Innovations are indicated. Two distinct operations are considered conditioning of the air to be submitted to the electric discharge, and contact between the ozone and the water. 

Ozone as the more reactive elemental modification of oxygen was discovered by Ch. F. Sehonbein in 1840 who named it after the intense odour. The generation of ozone in reasonable amounts was made possible in 1857 by Werner von Siemens who constructed an electrical discharge apparatus. The discovery and development of the ozonolysis reagents followed in 1903 by C. B. Harries who applied it to the selective oxidation of olefins. 

Ozone is a colourless gas, condensable in liquid air to a deep blue unstable liquid. Van Marum, in 1785, and Schonbein, in 1840, observed a peculiar smell in the neighbourhood of electrical machines in motion, and the latter found that it was due to a gas, which he named and found other means of producing. Andrews, in 1856, showed that the gas contained oxygen only, and Soret, in 1866, proved its composition, which is represented by the formula O,. It is prepared by the action of a silent electric discharge on air or oxygen, a current of which is passed through a special apparatus called an ozoniser. The first of these was devised by Siemens in 1857, and since that date numerous patents, founded much on the same principle, have been recorded. 

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