Shoot units

Sympodial growth prodnces an axis called a sympodium, comprising a series of connected shoot units, each derived from a different apical meristem. The shoot units that make up the sympodium are called sympodial units, or modules, and each sympodial unit provides further shoot extension growth from a lateral meristem. The sympodium may or may not have determinate lateral branches, and the sympodial units themselves may be determinate or indeterminate. 

The module is a sympodial unit that is repeated to make up a shoot unit, the sympodium (Figure 15.2). It may be determinate or indeterminate. In a broader definition it commonly refers to any part of the plant that is reiterated. Because of these two distinctly different meanings, the term module has given modularity a broad definition, and to ensure precision care must be taken in using the term module. 

The impact of the root to shoot ratios on calculated maintenance requirements is important because root to shoot ratios are highly variable and almost always underestimate below-ground biomass. Amos and Walters (2006) reported that the net below-ground C deposition in com at physiological maturity was 29% 13% of the shoot biomass (leaves, stems, and husks) in 41 studies. The use of these values is further complicated by the use of different definitions for root to shoot ratio. Converting Amos and Walters (2006) units to units used by Johnson et al. (2006) would reduce the reported values from 0.29 to 0.15 (harvest index 50%). 

The availability of integrated circuits paved the way for the next generation ofX-ray inspection system. These units featured a side-shooting fan beam of X-rays incident on an extended array of scintillators optically coupled to photodiodes or phototransistors. The resulting low-level electric currents were then amphfied, integrated, and electronically sampled and digitized. Such systems were under development by ScanRay and Picker in 1977. By 1979, Picker was marketing... 

Suter, Edgar A. Assault Weapons Revisited— An Analysis of the AMA Report. Joarw / of the Medical Association of Georgia, vol. 85, May 1994, n.p. Criticizes the American Medical Association report Assault Weapons as a Public Health Hazard in the United States. Suter argues that the high ammunition capacity of such weapons is usually irrelevant because only a few shots are fired in most incidents other than well-publicized mass shootings. Suter also accuses the report for relying only on unsubstantiated anecdotal data. 

Squires, Peter. Gun Culture or Gun Control Firearms, Violence and Society. New York Routledge, 2001. This exploration of gun issues is from a British perspective, comparing differences in the gun culture between Britain and the United States, and the resulting differences in the development of social policy. The impact of the 1996 Dunblane, Scotland, shootings on British attitudes is also explored. 

E-mail contact gun-control-network.org P.O. Box 11495 London N3 2FE UNITED KINGDOM British organization promoting gun control, founded in the aftermath of the Dunblane, Scodand, shootings. The network seeks to change... 

An international educational and advocacy group promoting sport shooting. Focuses on combating international gun control efforts in the United Nations. 

Particulate preparations from com shoots readily incorporate 14C-labeled D-xylose from UDP-D-xylose-14C into a polysaccharide in which the D-xylose residues are combined by / -l,4-D-xylosyl bonds (31). It was shown that this polysaccharide, similar to natural plant xylan, contains a small proportion of L-arabinose units which have the furanose configuration. 

The incorporation of label from mevalonate into ABA, a sesquiterpenoid, has been demonstrated in different parts of plants ( . . 41). This indicates that ABA can be synthesized throughout the plant. In addition to the direct incorporation of three isoprene units, derived from mevalonate, into ABA, an indirect biosynthetic pathway via carotenoids has been proposed. This idea stems from the finding that xanthophylls, in particular violaxanthin, can either photochemically or enzymatically be converted to the neutral inhibitor xanthoxin (42) (Figure 3). When labeled xanthoxin was fed in the transpiration stream to bean or tomato shoots, ca. 10% was converted to ABA over an 8-hr period (43). However, the importance of the biosynthetic route to ABA via xanthophylls and xanthoxin in normal metabolism remains to be established, and most of the evidence favors the direct synthesis route via a precursor (see 2). 

Threats of aggression can come in all shapes and sizes, so defenses have to be versatile. The largest-scale threat is war between nations. Rulers of nations always seem to be wanting the resources of neighboring countries, so threatened countries have to defend themselves or suffer unpleasant consequences. In modern times, countries can have very sophisticated means of defense indeed. The United States has stockpiled atomic bombs if some other country shakes its proverbial fist at us, we can rattle our bombs at them. If threats escalate to violence and we don t wish to use atomic bombs for one reason or another, then other machines can be deployed jets that drop smart bombs, AWACS planes that monitor the air space for many miles, tanks equipped for night combat, surface-to-air-missiles that shoot down surface-to-surface missiles, and much more. To the techno-war-monger, we live in a golden age. 

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