Shipment of hydrogen

At a briefing to the committee from representatives of DOE s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) on June 10, 2003, cost ranges were given for pipeline and liquid shipment of hydrogen that were somewhat higher than the results shown in Table 4-1. Comparison of the assumptions used for EERE s and the committee s cal-... 

Use To coat interiors of tanks and containers for shipment of hydrogen peroxide, acids, etc. 

Shipment of hydrogen chloride is also made in tube trailers. Manifolding is authorized for specification cylinders containing hydrogen chloride provided that each cylinder is equipped with an individual shut-off valve. 

Shipment of hydrogen chloride as a refrigerated liquid in DOT 105A600W tank cars is authorized provided ... 

Hydrogen bromide gas may be produced by combustion of hydrogen in bromine vapor at 37.5°C using a catalyst such as platinized asbestos or platinized silica gel. Unreacted free bromine is removed from the product by passing the gaseous product mixture over hot activated charcoal. Hydrogen bromide formed may be absorbed in water to obtain the acid or may be cooled and liquefied for shipment in cylinders. 

The final product is drained off from the retort, cooled and stored in aluminium tanks in which, if necessary, it is stabilized with phosphoric acid, pyrophosphate and 8-hydroxyquinoline. The stability of hydrogen peroxide with a high percentage is very high. After being stored a year in aluminium tanks it loses hardly more than 0.5 to 1 per cent of active oxygen. In view of this, it is also suitable for shipment to tropical countries. 

Over-the-road shipment costs of cryogenic liquid hydrogen. This mode is expected to be used in the early stages of hydrogen supply to filling depots and stations. 

There are several features of these superinsulations that are attractive for modern applications. One of these features is, obviously, reduced thermal conductivity. This permits storing or transporting larger quantities of product within the same size envelope, which could be very important in the barge shipment of liquid hydrogen. Another feature is that these insulations are easily evacuated and do not release foreign material or contaminants into the vacuum space. This property is important to space chambers, where it is desirable to insulate the cryopanels to reduce the refrigeration load. 

Large field-erected vessels for storage and barge shipment of liquid cryogens (e.g., liquid hydrogen and methane) can now be readily insulated with quilted superinsulations. Moreover, this particular application technique makes possible further use of superinsulations to a number of unusual applications. 

The popular name of ton containers, or ton multi-unit tanks (TMU), is derived from their first use, which was to transport a ton of liquefied chlorine in each tank. TMU tanks are also authorized for the highway shipment of some compressed gases. These are not to be confused with large cylinders commonly called pigs, which are 3A and 3AA cylinders. These pigs would commonly be used for such products as anhydrous hydrogen chloride. 

Bulk shipments of liquid hydrogen sulfide are authorized by specific exemption by the United States Department of Transportation and Transport Canada. Bulk transportation, at a filling density of 72 percent, is in specially insulated and equipped MC-331 trailers with a working pressure of 500 psig (3447 kPa), and specially insulated and equipped specification 105J600W, 120A600W, and... 

Liquid hydrogen is rapidly assuming its position as a major commercial chemical. Bulk transcontinental shipments of liquid helium are also planned for the near future. These activities have been implemented by the development of efficient and practical storage equipment. 

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