Shielding beta radiation

The nuclear reactor also must be shielded against the emission of radioactive material to the external environment. Suitable radiation controls include both thermal and biological shielding systems. Radiation from alpha particles (a rays) and beta particles ((3 rays) has little penetrating power, but gamma rays have deep penetration properties. Neutron radiation is, however, the primary area of risk. Typically, extremely thick concrete walls are used as a neutron absorber, but lead-lined concrete and special concretes are also used. 

Weak beta radiation and alpha particles often cannot penetrate the covering material but the use of a scintillant, which, together with the sample, will dissolve in a suitable solvent, enables a similar technique to be used. Liquid scintillation counters usually consist of two light-shielded photomultiplier... 

Radiation. The external radiation hazard from uranium is caused chiefly by beta radiation and is significant only if the uranium surface to which people are exposed is large. The problem presents only minor restraints to the designer, localized shielding normally proving adequate without the extreme measures necessary in fission-product-handling plants. 

You must be aware of the limitations of this instrument. Low-range gamma detectors may not detect alpha, beta, neutron, or high-energy gamma radiation. The shield on a beta-gamma detector will have to be open to detect beta radiation. The shield on the pancake probe must also be removed to detect beta radiation. 

Beta A type of radiation, essentially an electron or positron, which can cause skin bums. Beta emitters are harmful if they enter the body but can be shielded by protective clothing. 

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