Sheep adrenals

Norethynodrel, I7-a-ethinyl-17p-hj roxy-5(10)-estrene-3-one, increases eidrenal wei ts in intact female rats59. plasma and adrenal B levels decrease at the time of day dien values are normally highest. Clomiphene increases output of 17-oxysteroids in a patient with galactorrhea Cyano-trimethylandrostenolone, 2a-cyano-J4-, k, 17a-trimethyl-17p -OH- 5-androstene- 3-one, causes adrenal hypertrophy, a fall in adrenal venous 3 of male rats and inhibition of 3P-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase l. Norethandrolone, 170(-ethyl-17P-0H- -norandrostene-3-one, stimulates the production of B by adrenals of castrated rats and increases pituitary ACTH content . This androgen partially reverses the E induced suppression of B production but not of the adrenal response to stresses. Testosterone, androstenedione, EHEA, estrone and estradiol has no effect on conversion of B to 18-OH B and Aldo by sheep adrenal mitochondria . 

Rychkov G, Adams M, McMdlen I, Roberts M. Oxygen-sensing mechanisms are present in the chromaffin cells of the sheep adrenal medulla before birth. J Physiol (Lond) 1998 509(Pt 3) 887-893. 

Keating DJ, Rychkov GY, Roberts ML. Oxygen sensitivity in the sheep adrenal medulla role of SK channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001 281(5) C1434-C1441. 

A problem in elucidating the effects of surfactant in vivo is the possibility of metabolism of the surfactant, since the metabolic products might have quite different physico-chemical properties and might well be devoid of surface activity. A specific example may be quoted here. Spolter and Rice [152] found that Triton X-100 increased the incorporation of [ S] sulphate into lipid-soluble substances when it was used as an additive in experiments with supernatant enzymes of bovine or sheep adrenal cortex or rat liver, kidney and brain. TLC indicated that sulphate derivatives of the non-ionic detergents were formed by liver and adrenal enzymes, no such reaction occurring with kidney or brain preparations. 

Ford, H. C., and Engel, L. L., 1974, Purification and properties of the A -3 )8-hydroxyste-roid dehydrogenase-isomerase system of sheep adrenal cortical microsomes, J. Biol. Chem. 249 1363. 

Poisoning by endosulfan has caused blindness in sheep. Mirex at high dosage produces cataracts in rats and mice. The DDT analogue known as DDD is selectively concentrated in adrenal tissue, where high levels have an inhibitory effect on corticosteroid synthesis, and a damaging effect on the cells. Certain other organochlorines are also bioconcentrated in the adrenal cortex. 

Derivation From the adrenal glands of sheep and cattle or synthetically from pyrocatechol. 

Mitochondrial fractions from the adrenals of several species contain enzymes necessary for steroid production. These include a solubilizable Choi side chain splitting complex, a non-soluble cytochrome P-450, 18-hydroxylase and I8-0I dehydrogenase from sheeps and bullfrog adrenals and enzymes from the guinea pig adrenal which 11- and 21-hydroxylat reduce ring A and remove side chain of... 

Pharmacol. Rev. 14, 225 (1962), use Selective herbicide. Toxicity Inhalation hazard is low in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle show muscular spasms, fasciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates. Adrenal degeneration, congestion of lungs, liver, kidneys observed. No apparent skin irritation or other toxic manifestations in humans Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, R. E. Gosselin et al. Eds. (Williams Wilkins, Baltimore, 4th ed., 1976) Section II. p 207. 

No oral acute MRL was derived for zinc (see Table 2-2 and Figure 2-2). A number of case reports involving acute exposure were located. These reports suggest that the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas are end points of concern, and that the adrenal cortex may also be affected. A great deal of uncertainty exists regarding the exposure levels for these studies. An oral exposure study in sheep was also identified. Because sheep are ruminants, it is doubtful that they are a good model for human toxicity. 

Figure 3 Diagrammatic representation of components of the initial chemoreflex-driven responses to acute isocapnic hypoxaemia in the late-gestation fetal sheep in ntero (30). Hypoxia stimulates both carotid chemoreflex and hormonal responses. Catecholamines are released from the adrenal medulla in response to fetal hypoxia and act to increase carcass (e.g., femoral) vascular resistance and to increase fetal heart rate.

Challis J, Richardson B, Rurak D, Wlodek M, Patrick J. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol and adrenal hlood flow during sustained hypoxemia in fetal sheep. Am J Ohstet Gynecol 1986 155(6) 1332-1336. 

Jones C, Roebuck M, Walker D, Johnston B. The role of the adrenal medulla and peripheral sympathetic nerves in the physiological responses of the fetal sheep to hypoxia. J Dev Physiol 1988 10(l) 17-36. 

J he interrelation of placental and fetal adrenal tissues in estrogen biosynthesis was also demonstrated in sheep and in iris monkey. Estre ens wei e formed from pregnenolone in placental homt enates incubated together with maternal or fetal adrenal homogenates, but not in placental preparations alone (Davies el al., 1970). 

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