Corticosteroids synthesis

Dehydration of (105) to derivative (androsta-4,9-diene-3,17-dione [1035-69-4]) (106) provided starting material for corticosteroid synthesis... 

A great deal of information is now available about the properties, constitution and clinical manifestations of deficiencies of the hydroxylases involved in corticosteroid synthesis [42,52,53], and only a fraction of that information can be mentioned here. All the hydroxylases are mixed-function oxidases, requiring NADPH and 02, and some seem to be associated with cyts P-450, viz. cyt P-450 u/3, cyt P-4502i, cyt P-45018. The following equation represents the reaction catalysed ... 

Contains Ginkgolide A related Ginkgolides [ J, adrenocortical mitochondrial PBZ-R expression — [ corticosteroid synthesis antistress, neuroprotective]... 

Ginkgolide A (diterpenoid) Ginkgo biloba (maidenhair tree) (Ginkgoaceae) [root bark, leaf] [Reduces expression of adrenocortical mitochondrial PBZ-R thence corticosteroid synthesis AI, anti-asthmatic, antistress, insect antifeedant, bitter, neuroprotective]... 

Poisoning by endosulfan has caused blindness in sheep. Mirex at high dosage produces cataracts in rats and mice. The DDT analogue known as DDD is selectively concentrated in adrenal tissue, where high levels have an inhibitory effect on corticosteroid synthesis, and a damaging effect on the cells. Certain other organochlorines are also bioconcentrated in the adrenal cortex. 

Ketoconazole (antifungal) interferes with androgen and corticosteroid synthesis and may be used in prostatic carcinoma. 

Oestrone methyl ether reacts at the 17-oxo-group with methoxyvinyl-lithium, giving the 17a-adduct (162). Hydrolysis afforded the 20-oxo-derivative (163), whereas oxidation (OSO4) generated the dihydroxyacetone system (164), albeit in the wrong configuration at C-17 for a corticosteroid synthesis. ... 

A study (Amri et al., 1996) of GB extract 761 in rats demonstrated that high doses (10-100 mg/kg) of the extract, as well as isolated ginkgolides A and B at doses of 2 mg/kg, decreased corticosteroid synthesis by up to 50% and 60%, respectively. An associated increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels was also seen. 

Secondary and tertiary adrenocortical insufficiencies can arise by inadequate ACTH production, especially following surgery around the pituitary gland or actual pituitary disease. Deficiency can also occur following cessation of long-term glucocorticoid therapy. In addition, inherited enzyme deficiencies that lead to corticosteroid synthesis inhibitions occur (e.g., 21-hydroxylase and 3-(3-hydroxylase deficiencies). All of these conditions require replacement therapy. 

The administration of agents which block corticosteroid synthesis and stimulate ACTH secretion leads to the hyperplasia of a cell type resembling the chromo-... 

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