Shaping of the spatial response

Spatial nonuniformity is the nonuniformity of the spatial response within an acquired spec-tmm and is usually imaged on a detector column. This nonuniformity is represented by the position and shape of the spatial response function in both the along-track and across-track dimensions of a spatial pixel. The related artifacts in the across-track dimension are denoted as keystone. ... 

As used here, a DC model is characterized entirely in terms of dielectric constants (e) of the pure solvent (i.e., in the absence of the solute and its cavity) and the structure of the molecular cavity (size and shape) enclosing the solute [3], We confine ourselves to dipolar medium response, due either to the polarizability of the solvent molecules or their orientational polarization1 [15,16]. Within this framework, in its most general space and time-resolved form, one is dealing with the dielectric function s(k, >), where k refers to Fourier components of the spatial response of the medium, and oj. to the corresponding Fourier components of the time domain [17]. In the limit of spatially local response (the primary focus of the present contribution), in which the induced medium polarization (P) at a point r in the medium is specified entirely by the electric field (E) at the same point, only the Tong wavelength component of s is required (i.e., k = 0) [18,19]. 

In Sections 4-21 and 4-22, we showed that the shape of the impulse response on step and clad parabolic profiles is virtually rectangular. This conclusion is valid only in the spatial steady state. In the spatial transient, the power in tunneling rays manifests itself by adding a tail to the pulse. The power in the tail is large close to the source but becomes negligible at the onset of the spatial steady state [5]. 

Owing to aberrations, grating defects, and so on, it may not be adequate to approximate the response function by formulas based on idealized models. If a line source could be found having the spectrum that approximates a 8 function, then perhaps the measurement of such a line would adequately determine the response function. We have learned, however, that the spatial coherence of the source plays an important part in the shape of the response function. This precludes the use of a laser line source to measure the response function applicable to absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, we... 

In previous work, details of the planarization response function and its relationship to the pad and process conditions has been discussed [4]. As shown in Fig. 5, the shape or weighting of the elliptic response is based on the deformation of elastic material (e.g. the pad) under a spatially localized load of width L. The resulting deformation w(r) can be expressed as ... 

Chemical species dissolved or suspended in soil water move in response to two principal mechanisms convection with moving water and diffusion within the flow field. Transfer rates due to these mechanisms are influenced by several factors. Diffusional movement results from concentration gradients within the solution and from micro-variations in the intra-pore velocity. The shape of the familiar break-through curve for nonreactive solutes results primarily from this diffusion. In general, diffusional velocities are small compared with convective velocities, but may be very important in computing the spatial distribution of a... 

Mimicking a p-tum consists in constraining correctly four torsional angles (4>,4>2, P, P2) and four bonds (bonds a-d, cf. Fig. 2.3.3). Bonds a and d direct the entry and the exit of the peptide chain through the turn, respectively, whereas bonds b and c are responsible for the spatial dispositon of the amino acid side chains at position i+1 and i+2 of a turn. The torsional angles determine the backbone geometry of the turn and consequently the shape of the turn hydrogen... 

Two points should be mentioned here. First, the effect of solutes on the solvent dielectric response can be important in solvents with nonlocal dielectric properties. In principle, this problem can be handled by measuring the spectrum of the whole system, the solvent plus the solutes. Theoretically, the spatial dependence of the dielectric response function, s(r, co), which includes the molecular nature of the solvent, is often treated by using the dynamical mean spherical approximation [28, 36a, 147a, 193-195]. A more advanced approach is based on a molecular hydrodynamic theory [104,191, 196, 197]. These theoretical developments have provided much physical insight into solvation dynamics. However, reasonable agreement between the experimentally measured Stokes shift and emission line shape can be... 

For the purpose of confirming the obtained parameters, the adsorption parameter a was varied from 10 to 10 and studied deformation response. The dissociation parameter d was kept at 10 and bending parameter at 1. Spatially uniform static electric field was applied to the simulated gel for T = 1000 [s]. From Figure 3.12 to 3.15 illustrate final shape of the gel. Trajectories of the tip of the gels... 

In chapter 3, the model was evaluated and examined, which was proposed in chapter 2. Firstly, parameter identification method was proposed based on mechanism. We can identify adsorption parameter and dissociation parameter by observing the deformation response of the beam-shaped gel in uniform electric field. The tip position and orientation of beam-shaped gel is a function of internal state of the whole gel. Therefore, we can identify parameters through observation of the tip. Secondly, the method was extended to calibrate the parameters. Adsorption parameter mainly affects the deformation speed of the material, which also scatters. Two methods were considered in order to calibrate reaction parameter. One is to estimate it by the deformation response of the gel for a given period of time. Another is to do it by the time required to deform into the particular shape of the gel. Thirdly, the resolution was changed to digitize spatial and temporal variables. The convention deformable objects must be modeled with minute elements was broken down. It was made clear that beam-shaped gel whose length is 16 mm could be approximated into multi-link mechanism whose links are 1 mm in length. 

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