Shaped charges, commercial

Zirconium. While almost any metal in the finely divided state exhibits pyrophoric properties, a few metals when abraded emit a shower of sparks of sufficient temp to ignite hydrocarbon vapors. Cerium is the best known metal of this kind for commercial purposes, such as gas lighter flints. For military purposes Zr is the most used. It has found applications in HE and armor-piercing incendiary ammo, the lining of shaped-charge rounds, and in incendiary cluster bombs (Ref 7, pp 100-01)... 

A series of articles (Refs 23, 24 27) describe the application of shaped charges in various branches of commercial blasting, such as mining, tunneling, oil well blasting, etc... 

It appears that shaped charges might find considerable use in commercial blasting operations... 

Jet Perforators Jet Tappers. Two commercial applications of the Shaped Charge Effect, marketed by the duPont Co, are described in the Blasters Handbook (Ref 1). The principle upon which they are based is as follows ... 

An intermediate detonator is provided for initiation of the charge with a detonator fuse contg pressed Tetryl or Pentolite. A table on p 114 contains a listing of commercial shaped charges used for blasting with dimensions for D, d, di,... 

Many shaped charges, both commercial and military, are available off the shelf. Some are far more efficient than others in relation to depth of penetration as a function of size or explosive weight. This spread of penetration efficiency is due not to poor design, but that each charge was designed for a particular application, and not all were optimized with penetration alone in mind. Figure 30.10 presents the performance of a compendium of over a hundred different... 

CVD of tungsten and tungsten-rhenium (co-deposition of WFg and ReFe) is of commercial importance for the production of X-ray targets. W-Re layers of up to 1 mm are deposited onto graphite disks with diameters between 100 and 150mm [5.78]. Fiuther-more, CVD can be used to produce cylindrical or conical shells, cones (such as shaped charge liners), crucibles, and thin-walled tubes. 

An effective shaped charge can be made using various t5 es of commercial funnels. See table for penetration capabilities. 

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