Sewer line applications

Emergency procedures for inadvertently boring into natural gas line, live power cable, water mains, sewer lines, or fiber-optic cables which comply with applicable regulations... 

PCCP applications include water transmission mains, distribution feeder mains, water intake and discharge lines, low-head penstocks, industrial pressure lines, sewer force mains, gravity sewer lines, subaqueous lines, and spillway conduits. ... 

Abstract Aluminates form in binary systems with alkali, alkaline earth or rare-earth oxides and share the high melting point and resistance to chemical attack of the pure A1203 end-member. This means that these ceramics have a variety of applications as cements, castable ceramics, bioceramics, and electroceramics. Calcium aluminate cements are used for example in specialist applications as diverse as lining sewers and as dental restoratives. 

There are, however, several important niche applications for CAC. Most notably, CACs are used as linings to sewers and mine tunnels. Calcium aluminate cements are resistant to chemical attack from sulfate-producing bacteria that thrive in sewer systems (especially in warmer climates), and sprayed concrete linings to sewers have been shown to resist degradation for periods up to 30 years. The high impact and abrasion resistance of CAC also makes it suitable as a lining material for ore tunnels in mines and because CAC sets rapidly, it can be sprayed onto tunnel walls (as shotcrete ) and even used as a tunnel lining. 

Other applications include storm-sewer flow augmentation, where added polymers can temporarily increase the flow capacity of storm sewers in times of heavy rain, etc. Another application has been for fire fighting. Water flow rates can be increased, smaller hose lines used, and nozzle pressures raised by the addition of polymer. 

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