Sewage transport

Sulfur Transformation during Sewage Transport (T. Hvitvedt-Jacobsen, P. H. Nielsen)... 

D Ascenzo G, Di Corcia A, Gentili A, Mancini R, Mastropasqua R, Nazzari M, Samperi R (2003) Fate of natural estrogen conjugates in municipal sewage transport and treatment facilities. Sci Total Environ 302 199-209... 

A great number of processes and sinks related to the sulfur cycle in a sewer affect to what extent hydrogen sulfide is an odor problem. Figure 4.4 outlines the major pathways that also will be major subjects for detailed descriptions in Chapter 6. Although not all aspects depicted in Figure 4.4 can be easily quantified, they should be included in an evaluation of odor problems associated with sewage transport. 

Composites, and more specifically, fiberglass reinforced plastics, have been used as structural materials for a wide range of applications in several fields of technology and construction such as water and sewage transport and treatment, storage, ships, pedestrian bridges, column overwraps and build-... 

Future trends in the EU for plastics construction materials is increased use of plastics piping in sewage transport. 

It is estimated that annually some 6 million t crude oil and refinery products are introduced into the sea [6]. Of this amount, probably about 40% is crude oil (natural influences, in-shore production, tanker accidents and transportation by tanker) and about 60% are further processed petroleum fractions (refineries, rivers, town sewage, transportation means, precipitation from the atmosphere) [6]. This annual emission into the seas can, in addition to other fractions, correspond to about 75,000 t benzene, 480,000 t toluene, 560,0001 xylenes, and at least 40,0001 naphthalenes. 

The WFD, so far, has identified 33 priority hazardous pollutants (PHS), for which Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) have been set. To some extent, these EQS can be met through the establishment of emission control measures. These PHS may originate from several different sources and activities. The main sources of toxic substances to water bodies in Europe may be categorised as agriculture, sewage treatment plants, urban runoff, industry, contaminated lake/ river sediment, soils and landfills. Input via atmospheric transport and deposition has also been identified as an important source both far from and close to source areas. Many of the PS are today banned in Europe, but due to their persistence they are still present in the environment [30]. 

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