Sewage sludge, polychlorinated dioxin

CDD/Fs presence in municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) influents results in the PCDD/Fs presence in effluents and sludge. Evidence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans formation within the MWTP was also found. All this aspects are discussed in the paper, with special attention to sewage sludge, because of further utilization demand according to EU directives. 

Key words Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs) sewage sludge household sewage and municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP)... 

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Similarly, polychlorinated dioxins and furans form in both compost and sewage sludge (1), but the major congeners in both systems are heptachloro- and octa-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and their origin is not understood (2052-2056). Several studies have attempted to elucidate the importance of natural combustion events as a source of polychlorinated dioxins and furans (1), but recent reports indicate that forest fires may not be a significant source of these compounds (227, 2057) despite earlier suggestions to the contrary (1, 2058, 2059). Nevertheless, numerous studies (wood stoves, control bums, etc.) clearly demonstrate that the combustion of wood... 

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United States because they build up in the environment and can cause harmful health effects, they are still in use in many other countries. Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (dioxins) (Fu et ah, 2003) consist of 210 different compounds that have similar chemical properties (Bhandari and Xia, 2005). This class of compounds is persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative. They are generated as by-products during incomplete combustion of chlorine containing wastes such as municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, and hospital and hazardous wastes (Bhandari and Xia, 2005). PCBs were widely used in the past and now contaminate many industrial and natural areas. 

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POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS (PCDDS) AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDFS) IN SEWAGE AND SLUDGE OF MWTP 203... 

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