Planned Service Outages

K6 Are continuity plans in place to address critical service outage ... 

Service outages can be a significant source of risk particularly when systems are relied upon to deliver information which is used to support immediate care. System unavailability should be expected and planned for as no service is 100 % reliable. 

In complete service failure, the entire system is typically unavailable, a situation which is often called an outage. This type of unavailability may of course be either planned or unplanned and may be expected or unexpected by the individual user. Service failures are often due to catastrophic hardware failure where insufficient redundancy has been employed. The clinical risk is determined by a number of factors ... 

Oxygen supply interruptions to the KIVCET furnace have caused a number of extended furnace outages. The supplier of the oxygen has made major efforts to reduce the interruptions with further improvements planned in 2000. Cominco brought a 1,500-t oxygen storage tank into service in January 2000 to provide a backup supply. 

In-service infection of the tank. In-service inspection of the LMFBR tank system will be necessary in all future commercial size LMFBRs. By way of example one design solution is described here the MIR system for SUPERPHENIX. In SUPERPHENIX, in-service inspection of the reactor tank will take place during planned outages. The temperature condition will then be 180°C at the main pool tank and 130 C at the outer safety tank The space between the tanks is filled with nitrogen. The tanks hang from the slab which has 12 man-holes of oval shape (0.7 X 0.44 m) through which the in-service inspection vehicle MIR (Machine d Inspections pour Reacteurs rapides) can be inserted. The distance between the tanks will be some 600 mm at hot temperature conditions. The MIR system (Fig. 6.23) includes ... 

Earthquakes have caused disruption of the services provided by essential facilities such as hospitals, emergency communications centers, and fire stations. For the functions of these facilities to be available in the post-earthquake setting, the structure must perform safely and key nonstructural components must be protected. In addition to these engineering approaches, emergency response planning is necessary to identify off-site lifeline systems that could be disrupted by the earthquake, because a facility may need backup systems and supplies to contend with outages to the region s water, power, and transportation systems. 

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