Response elements serum

Zhuang S, Nguyen GT, Chen Y, Gudi T, Eigenthaler M, Jarchau T, Walter U, et al. (2004) Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein activation of serum-response element-dependent transcription occurs downstream of RhoA and is inhibited by cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 279 10397 407... 

Shi CS, Sinnarajah S, Cho H, Kozasa T, Kehri JH. 2000. G11 a-mediated PYK2 activation. PYK2 is a mediator of G i oc-induccd serum response element-dependent transcription. J Biol Chem 275 24470-24476. 

Several insulin-responsive ds-acting gene elements have been identified, referred to as insulin response elements (IREs). The problem is, that the IREs include so many common targets, such as the serum response element (SRE) and immediate early genes, controlled by many growth factors. Thus, activation of these genes is not specific for insulin. 

Allal, C., Favre, G., Couderc, B., Sahcio, S., Sixou, S., Hamilton, A.D., Sebti, S.M., Lajoie-Mazenc, 1., and Pradines, A. (2000). RhoA prenylation is required for promotion of cell growth and transformation and cytoskeleton organization but not for induction of serum response element transcription. J Biol Chem 275 31001-31008. 

The enhancer that regulates the c-fos gene contains a serum-response element (SRE), so named because it is activated by many growth factors in serum. This complex enhancer contains DNA sequences that bind multiple transcription factors. Some of these are activated by MAP kinase, others by different protein kinases that function in other signaling pathways (e.g., protein kinase A in cAMP pathways and protein kinase C in phospho-inositide pathways). 

FP - fluorescence polarization FI - fluorescence intensity CNG2 - cAMP gated ion channel 2 CRE - cAMP response element SRE - serum response element SEAP - secreted alkaline phosphatase. For further details see Refs. [111-113]... 

Duan, R., Xie, W., Burghardt, R.C., and Safe, S., Estrogen receptor-mediated activation of the serum response element in MCF-7 cells through MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of Elk-1, J. Biol Chem., 276, 11590-11598,2001. 

Chaudhary, J. and Skinner, M.K., Basic hehx-loop-hehx proteins can act at the E-box within the serum response element of the c-fos promoter to influence hormone-induced promoter activation in Sertoli cells, Mol. Endocrinol, 13, 774,1999. 

Metz, R. and Ziff, E., The helix-loop-hehx protein rE12 and the C/EBP-related factor rNFlL-6 bind to neighboring sites within the c-fos serum response element. Oncogene, 6, 2165,1991. 

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