Serine biochemical structure

Kraut, J. Serine proteases structure and mechanism of catalysis. Anna. Rev. Biochem. 46 331-358, 1977. 

Kraut, J. (1977) Serine Proteases Structure and Mechanism of Catalysis Ann, Rev. Biochem 46 331-358... 

Kraut J (1977) Serine proteases Structure and mechanism of catalysis. Annu Rev Biochem 46 331... 

J. Kraut, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 46, 331 (1977). Serine Proteases Structure and Mechanism... 

The elucidation of the X-ray structure of chymotrypsin (Ref. 1) and in a later stage of subtilisin (Ref. 2) revealed an active site with three crucial groups (Fig. 7.1)-the active serine, a neighboring histidine, and a buried aspartic acid. These three residues are frequently called the catalytic triad, and are designated here as Aspc Hisc Serc (where c indicates a catalytic residue). The identification of the location of the active-site groups and intense biochemical studies led to several mechanistic proposals for the action of serine proteases (see, for example, Refs. 1 and 2). However, it appears that without some way of translating the structural information to reaction-potential surfaces it is hard to discriminate between different alternative mechanisms. Thus it is instructive to use the procedure introduced in previous chapters and to examine the feasibility of different... 

Poyner RR, Larsen TM, Wong SW, Reed GH (2002) Functional and structural changes due to a serine to alanine mutation in the active-site flap of enolase. Arch Biochem Biophys 401 155—163... 

McPhalen, C. A. James, M. N. G (1988) Structural Comparison of Two Serine Proteinase-Protein Inhibitor Complexes Eglin C- Subtilisin Carlsberg and CI-2 Subtilisin Novo) Biochem. 27, 6582-6598. 

Utaisincharoen, P., Mackessy, S, P., Miller, R. A., and Ju, A. T. (1993). Complete primaty structure and biochemical properties of gilatoxin, a serine protease with kallikrein-like and angiotensin-degrading properties. Journa/ of Biological Chemistry 268,21975-21985. 

Fetterer RH, Miska KB, Lillehoj H, Barfield RC (2007) Serine protease activity in developmental stages of Eimeria tenella. J Parasitol 93 333-340 Frey TG, Mannella CA (2000) The internal structure of mitochondria. Trends Biochem Sci 25 319-324... 

Phosphopantetheine coenzymes are the biochemically active forms of the vitamin pantothenic acid. In figure 10.11, 4 -phosphopantetheine is shown as covalently linked to an adenylyl group in coenzyme A or it can also be linked to a protein such as a serine hydroxyl group in acyl carrier protein (ACP). It is also found bonded to proteins that catalyze the activation and polymerization of amino acids to polypeptide antibiotics. Coenzyme A was discovered, purified, and structurally characterized by Fritz Lipmann and colleagues in work for which Lipmann was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1953. 

Recently interest has been shown in studies of the biochemical processes, which include the action of enzymes with vanadium-containing centers (like those of serine or tyrosine) that catalyze or inhibiting the redox and phosphorylation reactions, and the alkoxides were investigated as the structural models for the latter [1319, 424], A bimetallic phenoxide of vanadium (II, HI) was found to be an efficient reducive agent for molecular nitrogen in the methanol solutions [1034],... 

After the first successful attempts in 1928 to identify the active biochemicals found in antibacterial molds, followed the rediscovery of penicillin by Fleming, identification of its chemical structure by Hodgkin, and subsequent synthesis by Chain, Heatley, and Florey, which led to the commercial production of penicillin in the mid 1940s [1], Since then, other families of (3-lactam antibiotics have been developed [2, 3], and their massive use worldwide continues to be a forefront line of action against infectious pathogens [4-6]. In recent years, (3-lactams have found other biomedical applications, such as inhibitors of serine protease ([7, 8] for a review, see [9]) and inhibitors of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferasa (ACAT) [10]. Encouraged by their bioactivity, the synthesis and chemistry of (3-lactam antibiotics have been the focus of active research, and chemical modification of some basic structures available from biosynthesis (semisynthetic approaches) as well as the discovery of fully chemical routes to de novo synthesis of (3-lactam... 

Powers JC, Kam C-M, Narasimhan L, Oleksyszyn J, Hernandez MA, Ueda T (2004) Mechanism-based isocoumarin inhibitors for serine proteases use of active site structure and substrate specificity in inhibitor design. J Cell Biochem 39 33—46... 

---