Series configuration

Series Systems. The series configuration is the most commonly encountered in practice. In a series system, all subsystems must operate successfully for the system to be successful. The rehabihty block diagram is given in Figure 6. 

Rotary compressors are frequently arranged as single units with a driver. Occasionally the compressors are also used in series arrangements, with nr without an intercooler. The series configurations may use a form of tandem drive or multiple pinion gears to pennit the use of a common driver. 

Circuit elements may be connected in either a series or parallel configuration. In the series configuration, the same current flows through each and every element, and the circuit potential drop (or emf that is developed by the voltage source) is the algebraic sum of the potential drops of each individual element. For sources in series, the total emf developed is the algebraic sum of the emfs developed by each individual source. 

Both cell designs permit positioning of the second electrode downstream of the first working electrode (Fig. 11), which is known as the series configuration. This electrochemical transducer is used in the same manner as the classic ring-disk electrode. Products generated at the upstream electrode are detected (or collected) at the downstream electrode Selectivity is enhanced when the products of the upstream... 

Fig. 11. Dual-electrode cell configurations. I, series configurations, thin-layer (A) and packed-bed (B) cell designs. II, parallel configurations, parallel adjacent (A) and parallel opposed (B) cell designs...

Another interesting method of amperometric detection for LC is dualelectrode electrochemical detection. Instead of a single WE, one can place two WEs in series, parallel to or opposite each other. The series configuration is mostly used, mainly in the collection mode, i.e., the electroactive substance entering the detector is converted at the upstream (generator) electrode into a product that either is or is not detected at the downstream (indicator) electrode, depending on the potential of the latter. Hoogvliet et al.137,162 were easily able... 

The use of dual-electrode amperometric detectors provides advantages in sensitivity and detection limits. Series configuration and parallel configuration are both possible. Ion-selective electrodes allow the selective quantification of selected analytes even in complex matrices. 

Fig. 2.12. Conversion diagram with a trajectory for a single cell and a trajectory for a fuel cell cascade in electric series configuration. Cell voltages are optimized for maximum electric power output. For quantitative results, see Tab. 2.1.

The case of maximum mixedness corresponding to a given CTD has been simulated using a stirred-tanks-in-series configuration, each tank of which has a zero degree of segregation. Volumes of all the tanks have been assumed to be equal. To be exact, such a... 

The unit batteries, as shown in Figure 1, are connected in series. The model formulation can easily be extended to cover parallel unit battery configurations. However, all numerical runs were carried out for the series configuration. 

If process units are arranged in a purely series configuration, where the products of each unit feed downstream units and there is no recycle of material or energy, the plantwide control problem is greatly simplified. We do not have to worry about the issues discussed in the previous section and we can simply configure the control scheme on each individual unit operation to handle load disturbances. 

Figure 2.2a shows the situation where the fresh feed stream is flow-controlled into the process. The inventory loops (liquid levels) in each unit are controlled by manipulating flows leaving that unit. All disturbances propagate from unit to unit down the series configuration. The only disturbances that each unit sees are changes in its feed conditions. 

The sharpest peaks were obtained with the viscometer preceding the refractometer in a series configuration (Figure 2A). The number of theoretical plates (N) for the respective 600 and 200 K g/mol PS standards was 1000 and 3000 for the viscometer and 2000 and 4300 for the refractometer. Because of the large dead volume in the refractom-... 

Figure P3-10 shows a two-stage membrane cascade with recycling for producing ethylene product with a polymer-grade composition of 0.999 mol percent. The fresh feed pressure of2605 kPa and temperature of 28°C are identical to the conditions shown for stream 4 in the series configuration hybrid system presented in Fig. P3-8. The process conditions for this cascade contiguration are shown in the accompanying table.

Figure 6. MHR Coupled to SI Process with Series Configuration...

The second classical model (the Maxwell model) configures the two elements in series, as seen in Figure 6.5b. In the series configuration, the stress is the same for each element, and the total strain is the sum of the individual strains. The descriptive formula can be written ... 

Question 15 In an inductor with split windings (1 1), how exactly does its current rating and its inductance change as we go from a parallel configuration to a series configuration ... 

Answer Suppose each winding has 10 turns and a DCR (dc resistance) of 1 2. So if it is used in parallel configuration, we still have 10 turns, but the effective DCR is 1 2 in parallel with 1 2, i.e. 0.5 2. When a series configuration is used, we get 2 2 and 20 turns. We also know that inductance depends on the square of the number of turns. So that goes up four times. 

Therefore, in going from a parallel to a series configuration, the inductance will quadruple and the current rating will halve. 

The first-order irreversible exothermic reaction A —> B occurs in the liquid phase of one or more stirred-tank reactors in series. In a series configuration all reactors have the same volume and operate at the same specified temperature. A height- to-diameter ratio of 2 is assumed in the design. The reaction rate is... 

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