Sequence-defined oligonucleotides

Accordingly, protocols for activating monoesters such as adenosine-5 -phosphate would soon be developed and these breakthroughs would eventually pave the way for H. Khorana and his colleagues pioneering work on phosphodiester chemistry and sequence-defined synthetic oligonucleotides at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. 

The era of biotechnology was initiated by two major breakthroughs that paved the way for further developments in biochemical research. First, the sequencing of nucleic acids and proteins has been automated and allows for the composition of an unknown sample to be determined quickly and reliably [3]. Secondly, the synthesis of defined oligonucleotides [4] and peptides [5] has also been automated and even allows nonspecialists in this field to obtain rapidly larger-scale quantities of these important classes of biopolymers. The rational design of specific modifications has come within reach and is an important research tool in biomedicine, biotechnology, and pharmaceutics. 

Oligonucleotide A short, defined sequence of nucleotides joined together in the typical phosphodi-ester linkage. 

The second NIST human DNA SRM is a PCR-based DNA Profiling Standard. The PCR was first described by Saiki et al. (1985,1989). Since then it has developed into a highly versatile and widely used detection, identification, manipulation and analysis tool in molecular biology, including DNA profiling. In brief, two short synthetic oligonucleotides, or primers, are used to define an intervening DNA sequence... 

Synthetic oligonucleotides are very important tools in the study and manipulation of DNA, including such techniques as site-directed mutagenesis and DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. The techniques for chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides are highly developed. Very efficient automated methodologies based on solid phase synthesis are used extensively in fields that depend on the availability of defined DNA sequences.52... 

D Ham, C. Romieu, A. Jaquinod, M. Gasparutto, D. Cadet, J. Excision of 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine, 5,6-dihydrothymine, and 5- hydroxycytosine from defined sequence oligonucleotides by Escherichia coli endonuclease III and Fpg proteins Kinetic and mechanistic aspects. Biochemistry 1999, 38, 3335-3344. 

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