Sequence characterization, dominant

For poorly characterized genomes or in circumstances where a particular tissue or developmental stage is not well-represented in the available resource of cDNA libraries, one may wish to array cDNA clones directly from libraries constructed in-house. Ideally, it would be preferable to have a limited duplication of cDNA clones on a microarray. If random clones are chosen from a cDNA library then the more abundantly expressed sequences will dominate the microarray. Therefore a sequence verified nonredundant set of clones is a better option. Dependant on the species of interest, such a set of clones may be available commercially or from academic establishments (such as a sequence verified set of human IMAGE consortium clones available from Research Genetics and soon to be available from the HGMP resource centre in the UK). However it must be noted that all sources of sequence verified clones will have some error in clone identification. Furthermore, novel and previously ill-defined genes will be unrepresented on the array. 

In addition to sample rotation, a particular solid state NMR experiment is further characterized by the pulse sequence used. As in solution NMR, a multitude of such sequences exist for solids many exploit through-space dipolar couplings for either signal enhancement, spectral assignment, interauclear distance determination or full correlation of the spectra of different nuclei. The most commonly applied solid state NMR experiments are concerned with the measurement of spectra in which intensities relate to the numbers of spins in different environments and the resonance frequencies are dominated by isotropic chemical shifts, much like NMR spectra of solutions. Even so, there is considerable room for useful elaboration the observed signal may be obtained by direct excitation, cross polarization from other nuclei or other means, and irradiation may be applied during observation or in echo periods prior to... 

Collagen has a most unusual amino acid composition in which glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline are the dominant amino acids. Further characterization of the polypeptide chains shows that these amino acids are arranged in a repetitious tripeptide sequence, Gly-X-Y, in which X is frequently a proline and Y is frequently a hydroxyproline. This unusual amino acid sequence and the unique diffraction pat-... 

The term fittest, correspondingly, is not related to any individual but rather to the complete quasi-species distribution acting as the target of selection. Mathematically, the fittest is characterized by a dominant eigenvector to which all populated states contribute. Only if one sequence clearly... 

---