Separator wave plate

Katz (R-16) also siwdied wave-plate impingement separators (Fig. 14-Il0b) made up of 90° formed arcs with an 11.1-mm (0.44-iu) radius auda 3.8-mm (0.15-iu) clearance between sheets. The pressure drop is a function of system geometiy. The pressure drop for Katz s system and collection efficiency for seven waves are shown in Fig. 14-111. Katz used the Souders-Brown expression to define a design velocity for the gas between the waves ... 

Pressure drop and collection efficiency of a wave-plate separator, (a) Pressure drop, (h) Efficiency clearance between sheets. (Katz, M.S. thesis, Pennsylvania State Univeisity, 195S. )... 

FIG. 14-110 Typical impingement separators, (a) Jet impactor. (b) Wave plate, (c) Staggered channels. (Blaw-Knox Food 6- Chemical Equipment, Inc.) (d) Vane-type mist extractor. (Maloney-Crawford Tank and Mfg. Co.) (e) Peerless line separator. (Peerless Mfg. Co.) (/) Strong separator. (Strong Carlisle and Hammond.) (g) Karbate line separator. (Union Catbide Corporation) (h) Type E horizontal separator. (Wright-Austin Co.) (0 PL separator. (Ingersoll Rand.) (/) Wire-mesh demister. (Otto H. York Co.)... 

The steam may be purified by Droplet Separation techniques such as knitted wire mesh demister pads, wave plate separators and fiber pad separators using PTFE fibers. It can also be purified by scrubbing devices such as packed columns, venturi scrubbers, and irrigated sieve plates. Sometimes a combination of Droplet Separators and Scrubbers are used because AN emissions from neutralizers are very difficult to remove due to the very fine particles103. 

The experimental setup is illustrated in Fig. 16.1. The 30 fs laser pulses can be split into successive pulses separated by a variable time period that act as prepulses and interacting pulses, respectively. Circularly and linearly (s- and p-) polarized incident laser pulses can be obtained using wave plates. Using an off-axis //3 paraboloid mirror, up to 75% of the 650 mJ laser energy can be collected into a focal spot with a diameter of less than 10 pm,... 

The exact experimental details are described elsewhere [51] but basically, the technique works as follows Since HRS is a forbidden process in isotropic solution, the efficiency is very low. As a consequence the optical fields with high optical power-density are needed together with an efficient collection system to detect the HRS signal. The fundamental light beam is passed between two crossed polarizers. A half-wave plate is place in between the two polarizers to control the intensity of the fundamental beam. Then the fundamental beam is focused in the cell. Part of the intensity is split of and detected by a photodiode (PD) which will read the fundamental signal I . The collection system is constituted out of a concave mirror, an aspherical lens, a planoconvex lens and a photomultiplier. Separation of the fundamental and harmonic light is achieved by an interference filter. A schematic view of the set-up is shown in Figure 7. 

With this delay measured, it is possible to establish the length of a pump beam delay leg so that the beams arrive at the test point at the same hme. Typically this leg is about 140 cm but is quite dependent on the properties of the dye-laser system. This delay leg can also accommodate a wave plate-Glan Laser polarizer combinahon (discussed above) to control the pump laser power. If fwo separate laser systems are used for fhe Stokes and pump beams the need for a delay leg can be determined from synchronization tests. 

Martin et al. [44] report that the impact response recorded by a piezo-wafer sensor mounted on a CFRP plate seems to show two separate wave types (Figure 16.20) (1) a... 

Figure 11.8 Schematic view of the experimental setup for the femtosecond fluorescence upconversion spectrometer. DM, dichroic mirror used to separate the second harmonic (394 nm) from the fundamental (788 nm) HW, half-wave plate used to control...

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