Separator environmental diagram

Figure 26.37a shows a system involving four effluent streams with different inlet concentrations that all need to be treated to remove mass load and bring down the concentration to an acceptable level for environmental discharge Ce. To obtain an overall picture, rather than deal with four separate effluent streams, the streams can be combined together to produce a composite effluent stream16. The construction is analogous to that for the limiting composite curve. The diagram is divided into concentration intervals and the mass load of the streams within each concentration interval combined together, Figure 37b. This provides a picture of the overall effluent treatment problem and what is required to happen to the effluent streams.

As the most important inorganic mass spectrometric technique, ICP-MS is also employed for the precise and accurate isotope ratio measurements of a multitude of elements (such as Li, B, S, Fe, Sr, Pb, U, Pu) in environmental samples (see Chapter 8).9,88-90 Isotope ratio measurements of environmental samples require special careful sample preparation techniques including trace/matrix separation and enrichment procedures if the analytes are at the trace and ultratrace level. As an example, the schematic diagrams of the separation and enrichment procedures for the precise isotope analysis of Pu, U and Sr in water samples from the Sea of Galilee using double-focusing... 

In Fig. 2, individual functions in the planning/decision-making process are numbered, 1 through 10. These are not necessarily separate operations in time or place, nor are they necessarily performed by separate individuals or institutions. It is emphasized that the detailed way in which the environmental planning system operates depends upon the approach taken within a particular jurisdiction. The diagram (Fig. 2) is presented mainly to show the relationship of one function to the next, particularly the relationship of the assessment... 

Before considering toxic metals separately, general trends in their environmental behaviour and mobility are outlined. Schematic diagrams showing general fields of metal mobility in aqueous... 

---