Separation factors table

Separation of perdeuterated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons has been performed on reversed-phase columns with similar results (Figure 1). A higher content of water in the mobile phase leads to higher separation factors (Table 2). 

Jeong, Sotowa, and Kusakabe (2004) simulated the catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexane in an FAU-type zeolite membrane reactor. The cyclohexane conversion enhanced in the zeohte membrane reactor, which was more dependent on the permeance than the separation factor. Table 21.3 presents a summary of some of the membrane reactors used for cyclohexane dehydrogenation. 

Commonly used forms of this rate equation are given in Table 16-12. For adsorption bed calculations with constant separation factor systems, somewhat improved predictions are obtained using correction factors f, and fp defined in Table 16-12 is the partition ratio... 

Alternate driving force approximations, item 2B in Table 16-12, for solid diffusion, and item 3B in Table 16-12, for pore diffusion, provide somewhat more accurate results in constant pattern packed-bed calculations with pore or solid diffusion controlling for constant separation factor systems. 

TABLE 16-13 Constant Pattern Solutions for Constant Separation Factor Isotherm (R < 1)... 

Constant pattern solutions for the individual mechanisms and constant separation factor isotherm are given in Table 16-13. The solutions all nave the expected dependence on R—the more favorable the isotherm, the sharper the profile. 

The separation factors are relatively low and consequently the MR is not able to approach full conversion. With a molecular sieve silica (MSS) or a supported palladium film membrane, an (almost) absolute separation can be obtained (Table 10.1). The MSS membranes however, suffer from a flux/selectivity trade-off meaning that a high separation factor is combined with a relative low flux. Pd membranes do not suffer from this trade-off and can combine an absolute separation factor with very high fluxes. A favorable aspect for zeoHte membranes is their thermal and chemical stability. Pd membranes can become unstable due to impurities like CO, H2S, and carbonaceous deposits, and for the MSS membrane, hydrothermal stability is a major concern [62]. But the performance of the currently used zeolite membranes is insufficient to compete with other inorganic membranes, as was also concluded by Caro et al. [63] for the use of zeolite membranes for hydrogen purification. 

The separation factors and partition coefficients for each column set are shown in Tables I, II, and III. As expected, values of Rf increase with increasing particle size while values of k(j decrease. The two factors are related as follows ... 

The changes of the C02 permeability and separation factor for C02/CH4, compared to the typical values of PPO standard are shown in Table II for PPO modified with different sulfonyl groups. The best enhancement was obtained for PPO containing phenyl sulfone groups. 

Table 10 Values of pAa s, extraction constants, separation factors, and calculated point charges in...

In general, full time-dependent analytical solutions to differential equation-based models of the above mechanisms have not been obtained for nonlinear isotherms. Only for reaction kinetics with the constant separation factor isotherm has a full solution been found [Thomas, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 66, 1664 (1944)]. Referred to as the Thomas solution, it has been extensively studied [Amundson, J. Phys. Colloid Chem., 54, 812 (1950) Hiester and Vermeulen, Chem. Eng. Progress, 48,505 (1952) Gilliland and Baddour, Ind. Eng. Chem., 45, 330 (1953) Vermeulen, Adv. in Chem. Eng., 2,147 (1958)]. The solution to Eq. (16-130) for item 4C in Table 16-12 for the same initial and boundary conditions as Eq. (16-146) is... 

Often, it is not possible to extract one solute quantitatively without partial extraction of another. The ability to separate two solutes depends on the relative magnitudes of their distribution ratios. For solutes A and B, whose distribution ratios are DA and DB, the separation factor P is defined as the ratio DA/DB where D>DB. Table 4.2 shows the degrees of separation achievable with one extraction, assuming that Da = 102, for different values of DB and P. For an essentially quantitative separation P should be at least 105. 

A very high separation factor has been obtained in phenol dehydration by using pervaporation process and PVA/PAA as membranes. The membrane composition and the process characteristics are presented in table 1. 

The influence of the CD content in the membrane and the n-PrOH respectively p-xylene content in the feed mixture on the separation factors and sorption and diffusion selectivities of the CD/PVA membranes for the n-PrOH/I-PrOH and p-xylene and o-xylene mixtures by evapomeation are presented in tables 12 and 13. 

Total resolution of [269] into its two enantiomers was achieved by liquid-liquid chromatography through complexation to L-valine adsorbed initially on diatomaceous earth (Timko et al., 1978). On the basis of comparative chromatographic studies, the separation factors (a) and the EDC values were correlated (Cram et al., 1975) (Table 59). 

Table 8.3a Approximate upper limits of separation factors using different methods ((Van Hook, W. A. in Vertes, A., Nagy, S. and Klencsar, Z., Eds., Nuclear Chemistry, Kluwer, Dordrecht 5, 177 (2003)) ... 

Table 11.8 Separation Factors for Adjacent Lanthanides Using TBP from Nitrate Medium...

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