Semipermeable diaphragm

If we now assume that the osmotic pressure of a solution has its origin in the bombardment of the semipermeable diaphragm by the molecules of the solute, we shall, if the same reasoning is applied which led to (1), obtain ... 

All the impervious diaphragms are now removed, and the two gases slowly compressed into the box under the constant pressures, the steam produced being removed as fast as it is formed through the third semipermeable diaphragm, so that the equilibrium mixture remains unchanged. The amounts of work done are — 2RT, — RT and + 2RT for the 2H2,02, and 2H20. respectively. 

If the distillation is carried out at constant total pressure (e.y., under atmospheric pressure) there will be, in general, a change of temperature, for if it were possible to separate a mixture into two parts of different composition at a constant temperature, we could remix these through semipermeable diaphragms and so... 

See also Molecular Sieves and Semipermeahle Membrane (or Semipermeable Diaphragm). 

SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE (or Semipermeable Diaphragm). A membrane or septum through which one (or more) of the substances composing a mixture or solution may pass, but not all. 

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilizes similar principles as hemodialysis in that blood is exposed to a semipermeable membrane against which a physiologic solution is placed. In the case of PD, however, the semipermeable membrane is the peritoneal membrane, and a sterile dialysate is instilled into the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneal membrane is composed of a continuous single layer of mesothelial cells that covers the abdominal and pelvic walls on one side of the peritoneal cavity, and the visceral organs, including the GI tract, liver, spleen, and diaphragm on the other side. The mesothelial cells are covered by microvilli that increase the surface area of the peritoneal membrane to approximate body surface area (1 to 2 m2). 

Diaphragm cell A family of electrochemical chlor-alkali processes using cells with semiperme-able membranes that minimize diffusion between the electrodes. The overall reaction is... 

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